NALS Chapter 4 and 5 177067
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| Application | Term used to refer to the specific uses of a computer and the jobs it can perform
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| Backup | a second copy of computer data made to avoid data loss in the event of a computer outage
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| Byte | A unit that measure data. One byte is equivalent of one letter, number, or punctuation mark. A kilobyte (KB) is one thousand bytes; a megabyte (MG) is one million bytes; a gigabyte (GB) is one million bytes.
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| Case management/Electronic Case Filing (CM/ECF) | The electronic filing system used in the federal court system
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| CD-ROM | Compact Disk-Read Only Memory
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| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | The part of the computer system where all computations, sorting, selecting, and data manipulation take place; oversees the use of the main memory and monitors input and output operations
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| Database | A compilation of data fields and records that is collected, stored, and organized for later retrieval through sorting, searches, queries, etc.
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| Database management system | Software that is used to collect, store, and organize data into a database
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| Data source | The file that contains a set of names, addresses, phone numbers, and other types of individual information used for merging
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| Document management system | A computerized mechanism for naming, storing, and labeling documents for ease and accuracy of later retrieval
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| Electronic filing (efiling) | A system used by courts,government agencies, attorneys, and the public to reduce paperwork and electronically file documents over the internet using a standard web browser
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| The system of delivering and receiving messages electronically using a modem or router, telephone line or cable, and communications software
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| Field | One piece of information about a person or business used in a data source
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| Fonts | Refers to the style or design of a collection of letters, numerals, symbols, and punctuation marks
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| Footers | Used in documents and pleadings to place the tile and page number on each page as well as other document information
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| Graphical user interface | A system using icons and pictures to display menus and choices on a computer
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| Hardware | The physical elements of a computer, such as keyboard, monitor, printer, case or chassis, modem, scanner, and joy stick
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| Headers | Places text and graphics at the top of each page
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| Input device | Keyboard, mouse, optical character reader, imaging scanner, and voice recognition system are all examples
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| Justification | Refers to four types of text alignment, left justification, center justification, full justification, or right justification
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| Links | Web addressed that contain an activated linkage to another location or website on the internet
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| Local area network (LAN) | The linkage of computers within close proximity, i.e., in the same building
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| Macro(s) | A computer feature that allows the operation to record multiple keystrokes and then play them back with just a few keystrokes
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| Mainframe Computers | Large, very expensive high speed machines that require trained operators and special temperature environments, used for scientific and engineering computations
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| Malware | A general term referring to problems that can be transmitted from computer to computer through email or internet access, such as viruses, trojans, and keyboard scanners
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| Metadata | Data stored in a computer that shows who created, accessed, or revised a document, what changes were made and by whom, and the dates and times when all of this occurred
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| Microcomputers | Small sized computers often called personal or desktop computers (PCs)
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| Minicomputers | Mid-sized, powerful computers often used as network servers
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| Open codes | Codes that are invoked once to create a change in line spacing, margins, tab settings, font changes, justification, and page numbering which affect only text to the right of the code
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| Operating system | Software that controls the flow of information to and from the central processing unit and and to and from input and output devices
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| Optical Character Recognition (OCR) | A scanner that converts an image into a character-based text file
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| Output device | A computer peripheral such as a monitor or printer
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| Paired codes | Codes that are turned on and off to invoke changes such as underlining, bold face, italics, and styles and affect only the text appearing between the paired codes
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| Peripherals | Devices that are connected to a computer, such as terminals, tape drives, dick drives, modems, printers, and scanners
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| Portable Computers | Notebook, laptops, handhelds, tablets, and even smartphones qualify as portable computers
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| Record | Made up of all the fields relating to one person or business in a data source
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| Redline (blacklines) | The feature which allows the comparison of one document to another
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| Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI) | An injury cause by physical strain due to repetitive movement; carpal tunnel is a common RSI
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| Software | All programs needed to instruct, control, and operate the hardware of a computer system, such as flow charts, manuals, programs, routines, training, and the like
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| Styles | The tool used to create a consistent appearance in a word processing document, while reducing keystrokes required to format the document
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| Track Pad | A device found on many laptops that allow fingertip control of cursor movement
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| Trackball | A device with a ball on top that is rolled with the fingertips to move the cursor, while the base of the device ram ins stationary
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| Uniform Resource Locator (URL) | The address or code at which an internet site can be located
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| USB Drive | Sometimes called memory sticks, flash drives, or thumb drives, these devices plug into USB drives or a computer and contain memory and functions like a hard drive
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| Virus | Computer code that can be copied into an existing computer program and make itself known by in peding correct function of the program
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| Web Browser | A program that allows a computer user to explore the internet
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| Webcam | A small, inexpensive device that functions like a camera, with its images being sent over the internet
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| Web Page or Website | An individual site found on the internet
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| Wide Area Network (WAN) | The linking of computers that are located far apart, i.e., in different cities, through cables, fiber optics, or satellites
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| Zip Drive | A portable computer drive, now nearly obsolete due to the common usage of recordable CDs and DVDs
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| Accounting Equation | The relationship between the three basic accounting elements; assets equal liabilities plus owner's equity: A+L+OE
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| Balance | The difference between total debits and credits in an account
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| Bank Draft | A check issued by a bank on its funds in another bank, usually located in another city
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| Bank Endorsement | The simple signature of the payee which makes the check payable to bearer; also referred to as endorsement in blank
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| Block Billing | Refers to the practice of grouping all time spent on a project during the course of the day into one entry, regardless of the number or variety of tasks performed
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| Cashier's Check | A check drawn by a bank on its own funds
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| Certified Check | A check issued by a bank that reduces the drawer's account by the amount of the check. The bank holds those funds for payment of the check and becomes responsible for its payment
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| Circular E-The Employer's Tax Guide | A booklet published periodically by the Internal Revenue Service as a guide for the bookkeeper regarding payroll and withholding taxes, which can also be found online at www.irs.gov
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| Credit | An entry made on the right side of an account
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| Debit | An entry made on the left side of an account
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| Drawee | Person to whom a check is written
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| Drawer | Person by whom a check is written and upon whose funds the check is drawn
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| Employer Indetification Number | A number assigned to an employer by the IRS that must be used on all reports to the IRS
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| Fair Labor Standadrs Act | Among other things, minimun wage laws, overtime pay, hours worked, etc.
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| For Deposit Only | Restrictive endorsment used on checks to be deposited
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| Matters | A term that refers to an individual price of legal work for a given client; clients may habe only one matter or many. Matter designation allows different projects to be billed seperatly
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| Money Order | A payment document that can be purchases at a United States post office, bank, and many stores to use in place of check, paid for with cash
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| Payee | Person to whom a promissory note, bank draft, or check is issued
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| Payroll Records | The records listing employees, earnings, deductions, and witholdings
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| Payroll Register | A business form/ledger on which all payroll information is recorded
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| Principal | The amount a borrower promises to pay that is written on the face of a note
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| Pro Bono | Describes legal work or services performed free of charge
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| Reconciliation | To bring a bank statement and check register into agreement; a process which ensures the record of the bank and the depositor are in agreement
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| Retainer | An advance payment made to cover anticipated work or costs. Some f the expected costs of a legal action or makes an advanced payment for expected costs such as filing, fees, fines, court costs, or other costs
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| Written Down | Time that is reduced or removed from a bill to create a discounted bill
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| Withholidng Taxes | Funds withheld by the employer from the employee's payroll check for payment of federal, state, and local income taxes and Social Security taxes
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