Mitosis
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| What are the three main stages of the cell cycle? | Interface, mitosis, Cytokinesis
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| interphase | FIRST stage of cell cycle, period between two mitotic divisions during which the cell grows ,takes place before cell division occurs, cell copies its DNA.
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| During what phase of cell cycle are organelles and enzymes produced? | early interface
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| What is replication? | the process by which the cell makes a copy of its DNA in the nucleus before cell division
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| What holds all the information the cell needs to carry out its functions? | DNA
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| What is the thread like structure within the cell nucleus that contains DNA that is passed on from one generation to the next | Chromosome
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| The end of replication, the cell contains ____ sets of chromosomes? | two identical
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| In animal cells only (not plant cells), this structure is duplicated | centrioles
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| What are centrioles | found only in animal cells, they are cylindrical cell structures that helps the cell divide
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| mitosis | stage TWO of cell cycle, during which the cell’s nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei; one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
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| Cytokinesis | completes the process of cell division, final stage of cell cycle. cell cytoplasm divides and organelles distributed into daughter cells.
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| What is difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cell? | In animals, cell membrane squeezes together & organelles+cytoplasm divide in 1/2. Plants have a rigid wall, a cell plate forms in middle. the cell plate begins to form new cell membranes around daughter cells. Lastly cell walls form around cell membranes.
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| What is the process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | mitosis
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| Name the four parts of mitosis in order | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)
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| Explain prophase | 1st stage of mitosis; characterized by the condensing of the chromosomes + movement of centrioles to opposite sides of the cell + nuclear envelope breaks down+ spindle fibers form a bridge between the ends of the cell
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| what stage of mitosis do spindle fibers form a bridge between the ends of the cell? | prophase
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| what stage of mitosis does nuclear envelope break down? | prophase
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| what stage of mitosis do centrioles move to opposite sides of cells? | prophase
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| what stage of mitosis do chromosomes condense? | prophase
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| Metaphase | second stage of mitosis during which each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere, and all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator
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| what stage of mitosis do attached to spindle fibers at centromere? | metaphase
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| what stage of mitosis do chromosomes lineup at the cell’s equator? | metaphase
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| anaphase | 3rd stage of mitosis; centromere splits and pulls chromatids apart (now called chromosomes since they separated). Chromosomes then drawn by spindle fibers to opposite ends of cell. Sell stretches out.
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| what stage of mitosis do chromatids separate? | Anaphase
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| what stage of mitosis does centromere split? | anaphase (recall centromere holds chromatids together)
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| what stage of mitosis do chromosomes get drawn buy spindle fibers to opposite ends of cell? | anaphase
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| what stage of mitosis does so stretch out? | anaphase
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| telophase | the final stage of mitosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
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| what stage of mitosis does nuclear membrane forms around each new cell with Its new chromosomes | telophase
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| T/F cytokinesis begins during mitosis | TRUE; Into daughter cells
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| Chromatid | one of the two rod like parts of a chromosome, an EXACT copy of the other containing identical DNA
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| Centromere | structure that holds chromatids together until they move apart later in mitosis
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| When chromatids separate, they are called __________ | chromosomes
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