Biology Critical Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Homeostasis | Ability of a cell or organism to maintain equilibrium or internal balance
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| permeability | rate of flow of a liquid or gas through a porous material
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| osmosis | water moving from an area of high to low concentration
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| deoxyribonucleic acid | double-stranded nucleic acid; contains nitrogen bases A, T, C, and G; found in nucleus of a cell
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| ribonucleic acid | single-stranded nucleic acid; contains nitrogen bases A, U, C and G; mRNA (messenger RNA) tRNA (transfer RNA)
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| genetic mutation | any change in nitrogen base sequence
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| replication | process where genetic material or single-celled organism makes a copy
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| transcription | messenger RNA (mRNA) made from DNA; occurs in nucleus
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| translation | amino acid chain made from mRNA; occurs at ribosome
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| Taxonomy | classifying organisms into natural relationships
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| monerans | bacteria; organized into two kingdoms, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
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| protist | Eukaryotic unicellular organism divided into 3 groups; animallike, plantlike, and funguslike
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| virus | particle made up of nucleic acid wrapped in protein coat; unable to reproduce without a host cell; not considered living
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| speciation | evolutionary development of a new biological species
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| phylogeny | evolutionary development of an organ or other of an organism
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| adaptation | a change that improves a species ability to survive
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| mutualism | relationship between two living organisms where both species benefit
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| parasitism | relationship between two living organisms; good for one and bad for the other
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| commensalism | relationship between two living organisms; one is helped and the other is unaffected
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| predation | capturing prey to maintain life`
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| meiosis | cell division that makes cells with half number of chromosomes
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| mitosis | cell division where each new cell looks like the parent cell
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| diploid | having a pair of each type of chromosomes; 2n
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| haploid | contains half the normal chromosome number; n
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| autotrophic | organisms that can make its own food from light or chemical energy
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| heterotrophic | an organism that cannot make its own food; must comsume other organisms
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| prokaryotic | organisms with no nucleus
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| eukaryotic | organism that contains nucleus
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| adenosine triphosphate | major source of energy; ATP
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| organelles | a structure within a cell that performs a specific function
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