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Biology Chapter 2

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Term
Definition
Compound   substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.  
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matter   anything that occupies space and has mass  
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element   pure substance that can't be broken down into other substances by chemical means  
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nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon   What are the 4 main elements of life?  
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What is an isotope?   an element with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons  
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molecule   Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds  
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ionic bonds   The bond where electrons are transferred  
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covalent bond   The bond where electrons are shared.  
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Polar molecule   A molecule that has opposite electric charges on opposite ends  
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cohesion   The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another.  
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adhesion   The attraction between unlike molecules  
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Acid   A solution with more H+ ions  
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Base   A solution with more OH- ions  
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valence electrons   Electrons involved in bonding (at the outermost shell)  
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hydrophilic   Attracting water molecules  
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functional group   A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules.  
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dehydration   Polymers are formed through a dehydration reaction.  
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Hydrolysis   Polymers are broken down through a hydrolysis reaction  
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