NBME (all) Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | CSF=Lymphocytic Pleocytosis
🗑
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| show | oligonal bands on electophoresis
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| ALS (Lou Gherig's Disease) | show 🗑
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| EBV | show 🗑
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| Internal Iliac | show 🗑
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| Streptococcus Pneumoniae | show 🗑
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| Locked-in Syndrome | show 🗑
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| Inhaled glue | show 🗑
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| Xanthoma/ Achielles Tendon | show 🗑
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| Middle Meningeal Artery | show 🗑
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| Activation of Adenylyl Cyclase Toxin | show 🗑
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| show | shipyard workers
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| show | vasodilating prostaglandins at the afferent arteriole
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| show | marker to monitor for thyroid neoplasm
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| show | cardiac valve defect and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (systolic murmur)
🗑
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| MS | show 🗑
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| Aldoesterone-secreting Adrenal Adenoma | show 🗑
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| Malignant Hyperthermia | show 🗑
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| show | pincer grasp
finger feeding
standing while holding onto a table
playing peek-a-boo
🗑
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| show | suppresses appetite by its action in the CNS
🗑
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| 21-Hydroxylase | show 🗑
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| Trypanosoma Cruzi | show 🗑
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| show | metaplasia of mesenchymal cells to pneumocytes
🗑
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| show | Increased radial traction on airways
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| Early Septic Shock Rx | show 🗑
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| show | widened aortic arch
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| Ascites Rx in addition to loop diuretics | show 🗑
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| show | subjects assigned by coin toss to one of two groups
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| show | antibodies directed against in monocolonal antibody preparation
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| Ezetimibe MOA | show 🗑
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| show | potentiates the action of antithrombin III
🗑
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| First Degree Burn | show 🗑
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| Osteomyelitis | show 🗑
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| show | inhibition of osteoclast-mediation bone resorption
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| show | protude the tongue and say "Ah"
🗑
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| GI Blood Loss labs | show 🗑
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| show | strong with lower extremity is immobilized in a cast
🗑
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| Loperamide | show 🗑
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| IgM | show 🗑
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| Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones) | show 🗑
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| Major Depressive Disorder | show 🗑
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| show | biopsy of ovarian cyst and/or peritoneal cyst
🗑
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| 5a-reductase gene mutation | show 🗑
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| show | after gastrectomy
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| show | erythema over nose, cheeks, and scattered telangiectasia and a few papules
🗑
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| Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve Dysfunction Sx | show 🗑
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| show | gram positive rod
fever, chills, and muscle aches
can occur in pregnant women
🗑
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| show | increased hydrostatic pressure in bowman space leading to renal failure
🗑
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| show | china peanut farmer
🗑
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| Delirium | show 🗑
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| show | increased intestinal iron absorption
🗑
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| show | 15-mm, blue-tinged, rounded mass at the anal margin
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| show | incomplete formation of pleuroperitoneal membrane
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| Dynein arms | show 🗑
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| Metastatic Tumor to Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| Vitamin B12 Deficiency | show 🗑
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| show | actinic keratosis
🗑
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| Tick Bite in Farmer Rx | show 🗑
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| show | hypervascular mass
12-cm solid mass on kidney
Sx include flank pain
gross hemateuria
🗑
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| show | "using something twice daily can be difficult. I assume you are like most patients who miss at least 10% of treatments"
🗑
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| Sacroiliac Joint Inflammation sx | show 🗑
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| show | salicylate/ asprin poisioning
🗑
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| show | sulfasalazine
🗑
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| Ubiquitin Ligase MOA | show 🗑
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| Trophoblastic tissue | show 🗑
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| show | adverse effect of:
Lyme Disease and
Guillan-Barre
🗑
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| show | congenitial urethral obstruction;
marked dilation of ureters and renal pelvis
minimal renal function
🗑
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| Thyroidectomy Consequences | show 🗑
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| show | Ischial spine injection with lidocaine
alternative to epidural in labor
🗑
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| Increased JVP and mild ankle edema | show 🗑
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| show | 2/6 holosystolic murmur, left fifth intercoastal space ajacent to sternum and increases with inspiration
🗑
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| Camping Trip results in itchy rash in arms and legs | show 🗑
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| show | petechial RASH, microcephaly, and HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY
🗑
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| show | breast buds develop
🗑
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| show | thyroid antibodies
🗑
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| HSV sx in Males | show 🗑
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| Beta-Thalassemia | show 🗑
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| Post Par-tum Depression Rx | show 🗑
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| show | pericardial friction rub after acute myocardial infarction
🗑
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| show | neoplastic cells in sub-basement membrane connective tissue
🗑
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| show | tracheoesophageal atresia
🗑
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| IL-8 responsibility | show 🗑
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| show | VII (proconvertin) clotting factor first to be decreased by 50% after initiation of therapy
🗑
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| Ectopic Pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | decreased TSH, Free Throyxine
Increased Free Triiodothyronine
🗑
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| show | predisposition to myocardial ischemia
🗑
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| The binding site and action of hCG that causes gynecomastia | show 🗑
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| show | fibromuscular dysplasia
🗑
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| Bacterial sx are a result of systemic release of | show 🗑
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| Clostridium Difficle toxin | show 🗑
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| Lost in Menopause | show 🗑
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| PTT prolongation | show 🗑
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| show | liver +
kidney
🗑
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| show | increased residual volume and alveolar-arterial Po2 difference
decreased arterial Po2
🗑
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| show | increased release of dopamine and norepinephrine
🗑
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| show | Albuterol (acute resolution)
🗑
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| Ibutilide Adverse Effect | show 🗑
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| show | alcoholic hepatitis
🗑
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| show | abducens nerve
🗑
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| The persistence of leukocytosis in the absence of infection indicates impairment in | show 🗑
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| Urethral Prolapse | show 🗑
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| Rx inhibiting 30s ribosome binding | show 🗑
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| H. Influenzae Type B Vaccine | show 🗑
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| Condition causing ANEMIA and SPLEEN to increase 5x it's normal size | show 🗑
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| Antihypertensive causing descreased serum potassium concentration | show 🗑
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| 1,25-Dihydroxycholecaciferol | show 🗑
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| Calcified 80% Stenois can occur in | show 🗑
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| Sepsis Rx | show 🗑
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| Indication for a Pacemaker | show 🗑
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| show | inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE5 inhibitor)
🗑
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| Autoantibody with affinity for acetylcholine receptor seen in | show 🗑
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| Physician answer to pt inquiry on whether weight gain is hereditary | show 🗑
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| Alcoholic Liver Disease adverse effect | show 🗑
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| show | Mesenteric venous thrombosis
🗑
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| Epinephrine | show 🗑
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| Systemic Amyloid | show 🗑
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| show | porphyria; ALA rate limiting enzyme
🗑
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| Rx for Urinary Urgency | show 🗑
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| show | antidote for NARCOTIC OVERDOSE in an emergency situation
🗑
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | show 🗑
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| show | type 1 collagen
🗑
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| show | suppresses early response of T lymphocytes to activation
🗑
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| Schizoid Disorder | show 🗑
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| show | CalCium
🗑
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| Loraradine Rx used to treat | show 🗑
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| Physiological changes when in water of 60F for 20 mins | show 🗑
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| show | decreased plasma fibrinogen concentration
🗑
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| show | "Yes, it is"
🗑
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| Diagnosing possible defect in fatty acid oxidation | show 🗑
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| Myocardinal infarction (CK-MB; troponin) markers result from | show 🗑
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| Neurofibromatosis Type 1 | show 🗑
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| Chandelier Sign (cervical motion tenderness) | show 🗑
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| Physician response to pt in denial | show 🗑
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| show | family agreement, competence, and cost
🗑
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| show | struvite
🗑
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| show | C5a; produced increased fibroblast migration and proliferation, increased synthesis of collagen and fibronectin, and decreased degradation of extracellular matrix by metalloproteinases
🗑
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| show | Hemiballisum; uncontrollable irregular movements of the LEFT side of the body
🗑
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| show | progressive thirst and urinary frequency
🗑
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| Abnormality in 6 week old baby vomitting a small amount of milk 2 to 3 times a day | show 🗑
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| show | firm, smooth, umbilicated papules 2 to 4 mm in diameter in clusters
🗑
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| Bullous Pemphigoid results from | show 🗑
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| Bulimic patients will have enlargement of | show 🗑
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| show | increased urinary excretion
🗑
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| show | myoxma
🗑
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| show | left atrium
🗑
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| show | cyclophosphamide
🗑
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| show | rheumatoid arthritis
🗑
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| This casual virus replicates its genome within the cell's nucleus | show 🗑
|
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| show | beta-glucan carbohydrates in the cell wall
🗑
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| Stool analysis showing increased fat concentration indicative of deficiency in | show 🗑
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| show | "I'm sorry I got delayed. I hope I haven't made you late somewhere else"
🗑
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| L3 to L4 herinations causes pain | show 🗑
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| Africa trip + Wright Stain dx | show 🗑
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| Subclavian Central Catheter bacterial infection | show 🗑
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| E-Coli Virulence Factor | show 🗑
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| show | 3 D's: dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea
(confusion, rash, and diarrhea)
lack of NICOTINIC ACID or its precursor, TRYPTOPHAN in their diet
🗑
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| Hypertensive patient already on hydrocholorthiazide if not responding to Rx should be put on this ACE inhibitor | show 🗑
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| Pt. experiencing proteinuria and elevated hemoglobin is likely to have which elevated marker? | show 🗑
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| show | T10
🗑
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| show | the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium
🗑
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| Marked increase in dopamine concentration when rising from a supine position to standing marks a deficiency of? | show 🗑
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| Most common bacterial infection from breast feeding | show 🗑
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| Embryology: Syncytiotrophoblast secretes which hormone | show 🗑
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| show | mother
🗑
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| show | establish order
🗑
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| show | menstration
🗑
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| show | notocord + mesoderm
🗑
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| show | PNS, ear, eye adrenal gland, mouth, heart, digestive system, thyroid, and skin
🗑
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| Embryology: Germ layers serving as secondary energy reservoire | show 🗑
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| Embryology: Week 10 | show 🗑
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| Teratogenic Rx: Aminoglycosides | show 🗑
|
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| show | renal malformations
🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Fluroquinolones | show 🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Tetracyclines | show 🗑
|
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| show | facial anomalies, limb hypoplasia, absence of digits
🗑
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| show | abortion, NTD
🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Carbamazipine | show 🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Valporic Acid | show 🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Phenytoin | show 🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Lithium | show 🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Statins | show 🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Wafarin | show 🗑
|
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| show | clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma
🗑
|
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| Teratogenic Rx: Thalidomide | show 🗑
|
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| show | spontaneous abortion
🗑
|
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| Holoprosencephaly Consequence from | show 🗑
|
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| show | thalidomide; cyclophosphamide
🗑
|
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| Homebox (HOX) Genes | show 🗑
|
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| show | synpolydactyly (fused 3rd and 4th digit)
🗑
|
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| show | 4
🗑
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| Most common cause of NTD | show 🗑
|
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| show | alcohol use in pregnancy
🗑
|
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| show | fetal alcohol syndrome
🗑
|
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| Vitamin A excess during pregnancy will lead to a | show 🗑
|
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| COP-II functions in the cell cycle to help move products | show 🗑
|
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| show | clathrin
🗑
|
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| show | I-cell disease
🗑
|
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| Mitchondria acts as buffer to | show 🗑
|
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| Intermediate Filament Structures: Vimenten | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nuclear lamins mutation
🗑
|
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| show | 50% of the plasma membrane
🗑
|
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| Membrane Bound Receptors | show 🗑
|
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| PDGF and IGF-1 receptors | show 🗑
|
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| Main Role of Plasma Membrane | show 🗑
|
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| show | phopholipase A2
🗑
|
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| show | lipoxygenase
🗑
|
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| show | leukotrienes
🗑
|
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| show | NSAIDS, Acetomenaphin, COX-2
🗑
|
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| show | phosphatidylinositol
🗑
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| show | skin, hair follicles, and bone marrow
🗑
|
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| In apoptosis, the plasma membrane is | show 🗑
|
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| Intrinsic pathway: bcl-2 is | show 🗑
|
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| Intrinsic pathway: BAX is | show 🗑
|
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| Extrinsic pathway: Death Receptor | show 🗑
|
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| show | perforin
🗑
|
||||
| Result of Granzyme B entering cells | show 🗑
|
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| Intrinsic pathway: Increased Mitochondrial permeability releases | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nuclear pyknosis
karyolysis
karyorrhexis
Ca2+ influx leading to caspase activation
🗑
|
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| Neutrophils found in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Collagen primarily needs | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukocyte Adhesion Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukocyte Adhesion Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | chronic inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| show | granulomas
🗑
|
||||
| show | E-Selection (endothelium)
🗑
|
||||
| show | LFA-1; ICAM-1
🗑
|
||||
| show | iron and copper
🗑
|
||||
| show | collagen
🗑
|
||||
| show | precollagen sythesis alpha chains
🗑
|
||||
| show | hydroxylation of lysine and proline
🗑
|
||||
| show | glycosylation of hydroxylated lysine essentially making procollagen
🗑
|
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| Step 4 in the production of collagen | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fibroblasts
🗑
|
||||
| Step 5 in the production of collagen | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | crosslink tropocollagen molecules to make collagen fibrils
🗑
|
||||
| show | synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type I collagen
🗑
|
||||
| show | Autosomal Dominant
🗑
|
||||
| show | blue sclera
🗑
|
||||
| show | hyperjointibility
🗑
|
||||
| Kidney disease + Deafness + Eye problems | show 🗑
|
||||
| Alport Syndrome defecent in type | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alport Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Marfan Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| Marfan Syndrome defect in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Marfan Syndrome Hallmark | show 🗑
|
||||
| a-1 antitrypsin deficency | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | suprachiasmatic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Nucleus making oxytocin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Nucleus secretes ADH | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | dorsomedial nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Nucleus inhibited by leptin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: if Nucleus destructed leads to obesity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | arcuate nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Nucleus conserving heat producing shivering in cold enviroments | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | wernicke's encephalopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Nucleus stimulating GI | show 🗑
|
||||
| Posterior Pituitary otherwise known as | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neuroectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| show | suprachiasmatic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Savage behavior + obesity from stimulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Savage behavior + obesity from destruction | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Stimulation leads to eating and destruction further leading to starvation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | preoptic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: Destruction results in neurogenic diabetes inspidius | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: releases hormones affecting the anterior pituitary | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus: which nucleus regulates appetite | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anxiety disorders
🗑
|
||||
| show | theta waves
🗑
|
||||
| show | bruxism (teeth grinding)
sleep spindles and K complexes
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep stages: Stage N3 | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sleep stages: REM | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | alpha waves
🗑
|
||||
| show | imipramine
🗑
|
||||
| show | TCA
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep stages: Desmopressin (DDAVP) can aslo be used as Rx for | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sleep stages: Rx indomethacin decreases | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | melatonin
🗑
|
||||
| show | valerian
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep Rxs: first-line treatment for difficulty sleeping | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sleep Rxs: this med increases risk of priaprism | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sleep Rxs: this med increases REM sleep | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | arrhythmais (obtain EKG prior to use)
🗑
|
||||
| show | benzodiazepines
🗑
|
||||
| Sleep Rxs: Popular meds acting on benZo receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sleep Rxs: only med per FDA approved for long term | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sleep Rxs: nonaddictive med because it works on melatonin receptors rather than GABA reeptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| Narcolepsy Rxs: first-line treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | vanlafaxine, fluoxetine, or atomoxetine
🗑
|
||||
| show | cataplexy
🗑
|
||||
| show | telencephalon -> cerebral hemispheres + diencephalon ->thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| show | mesencephalon -> midbrain
🗑
|
||||
| show | metencephalon + myelencephalon -> cerebellum, pons, and medulla
🗑
|
||||
| Brain embryology: NTD avoided with routine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | elevated
🗑
|
||||
| show | increased
🗑
|
||||
| show | down's syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Meningcele is a herniation JUST of the | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Myelomeningocele occurs with hernation of both | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anencephaly
🗑
|
||||
| show | of the brain fail to separate
🗑
|
||||
| show | holoprosencephaly
🗑
|
||||
| show | holoprosencephaly
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Posterior fossa (hindbrain) abnormalities are seen in | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | forman magnum
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Syringomyelia is an enlargement of the central | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Compression of the spinothalamic tract occurs and is referred to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | upper extremities
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: HALLMARK: Anterior horn damage produces | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Spinal cord trauma over time can produce | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Herniation of cerebellar tonsils are seen in | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Chiari II Malformation
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Hydrocephalus can be seen in patients with | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hydrocephalus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Chiari II Malformation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dandy-Walker Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: enlarged posterior fossa is indicative of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dandy-Walker syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Dilation of the 4th ventricle is associated with hydrocephalus indicative of which diagnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | six; 6
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Bracial Apparatus arch is derived from | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Bracial Apparatus clef is derived from the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Bracial Apparatus Pouch #1 will give rise to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | epithelial lining of the tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: Bracial Apparatus Pouch #3 will give rise to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | superior parathyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embyology: DiGeorge Syndrome occurs when abnormal development | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | DiGeorge Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Absent thymus + hypocalcemia + T-cell deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mesoderm derivatives
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cartilage + Muscle + Nerve
🗑
|
||||
| show | Series of facial abnormalities
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embryology: HALLMARK of Treacher Collins Syndrome includes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embryology: Brachial Arch #2 produces S structures such as | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Parietal lobe (non dominant)
🗑
|
||||
| Neuro Embryology: Pt. neglects half of a side of their body as nonexistent | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Strabismus or tropia
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi Apparatus modifies with amino acids | show 🗑
|
||||
| Astrocyte foot processes, basement membrane, capillary lumen are the components of the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | red nucleus, medial meniscus, superior colliculus, cerebral aqueduct, medical geniculate body, spinothalamic tract, corticobulbar tract, corticospinal tract, substantia nigra
🗑
|
||||
| Inferior Colliculus is located in the | show 🗑
|
||||
| Superior Colliculus is located in the | show 🗑
|
||||
| CN located in the midbrain | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | abducens (CNVI) nerve
🗑
|
||||
| show | pons
🗑
|
||||
| show | medial aspect of the pons
🗑
|
||||
| Corticospinal tract is located in the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | AICA
🗑
|
||||
| show | increase in number
🗑
|
||||
| Medulla medial aspect contains | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | medial aspect of the medulla
🗑
|
||||
| PICA supplies the | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lateral aspect of medulla is composed of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fasiculus cutaneous and fasciculus gracilis
🗑
|
||||
| show | ascend
🗑
|
||||
| Spinal Tracts: Dorsal Columns become what | show 🗑
|
||||
| Spinal Tracts: Medial Lemniscus goes into the | show 🗑
|
||||
| Spinal Tracts: VPL is located in the | show 🗑
|
||||
| Spinal Tracts: Dorsal Columns work on which side | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sensory
🗑
|
||||
| show | anterior white commisure
🗑
|
||||
| show | contralateraly
🗑
|
||||
| show | spinothalamic
🗑
|
||||
| show | internal capsule
🗑
|
||||
| show | desends
🗑
|
||||
| show | mania
🗑
|
||||
| show | depressionb
🗑
|
||||
| Raphe Nucleus is the center of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decreased
🗑
|
||||
| show | anxiety
🗑
|
||||
| show | osteomarkers
🗑
|
||||
| This condition prevents thymidine repair dimers from UV damages | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| Dopamine levels in Schizophrenia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decreased
🗑
|
||||
| show | decreased
🗑
|
||||
| show | HIV multi-nucleated giant cells
🗑
|
||||
| Bitemporal Temporal Lobe location of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | seizures
🗑
|
||||
| GABA is decreased n conditions such as anxiety and | show 🗑
|
||||
| The nucleus acubens houses neuroinhibitors such as | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neck of the humerus
🗑
|
||||
| show | surgical neck of the humerus
🗑
|
||||
| show | cytotoxic T cells and NK cells during bacterial infection
🗑
|
||||
| Clathrin works in the (hint: starts with a C) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Process of receptor mediated endocytosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | caudate + putamen
🗑
|
||||
| Receptor locations: Tyrosine Kinase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cytosol
🗑
|
||||
| show | cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| show | S.A.D.P.U.C.K.E.R
🗑
|
||||
| Destruction of Alpha 3 chain of Type IV Collage results in | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hypovolemic shock
🗑
|
||||
| How to diagnose lactose intolerance | show 🗑
|
||||
| MOA inhibit substance flow across cell membranes thus inhibiting primary active transport | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | asthma
🗑
|
||||
| show | antibodies against antigens
🗑
|
||||
| Langerhans Histocytosis HALLMARK | show 🗑
|
||||
| Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiny Bodies
🗑
|
||||
| show | spleen
🗑
|
||||
| show | pituitary adenomas
🗑
|
||||
| Payer Patches seen in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rx producing antibody against CD20 | show 🗑
|
||||
| Causative agent of barking cough | show 🗑
|
||||
| Meningiomas found in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Meningiomas produce lower limb sensory loss and | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inability to consume food; pt consumes items that are non-food such as ice, hair, paper
🗑
|
||||
| show | benzodiapine
🗑
|
||||
| show | neutrophils, dendrites, macrophages, and complement
🗑
|
||||
| show | IL-1 (fever), IL-2 (T-cells), IL-3 (bone marrow), IL-4 (IgE + IgG production), IL-5 (IgA + Eosinophils production)
🗑
|
||||
| show | b + t cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | IFN-alpha and IFN-beta
🗑
|
||||
| Rx immunosuppreant inhibiting calcineurin, production of IL-22, and T-Cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK in Crohn's Disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Ground Glass Apperance of lungs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NRDS (Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
🗑
|
||||
| show | N-Acetylcystine
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscous glycoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| show | expiratory phase (FEV down)
🗑
|
||||
| Asthmatic antigen cross linking IgE on | show 🗑
|
||||
| Levels in COPD | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TLC; normal FEV1:FVC ratio
🗑
|
||||
| show | endometrial hyperplasia
🗑
|
||||
| Disorder in which pt. complains of symptoms that are not even there | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | heparin
🗑
|
||||
| show | beta lactam antibiotics
🗑
|
||||
| show | vancomycin
🗑
|
||||
| show | EBV
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombocytopenia can be caused by this agent (hint: used to treat gram + bacteria) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | foscarnet
🗑
|
||||
| Foscarnet does not require | show 🗑
|
||||
| Arsenie Poisioning is treated with this agent | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hikers, forests, and wooded areas
🗑
|
||||
| Neisseria Gonnorhea will elevate | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rx used treat general protozas | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rx used treat trophozoites | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | iodoquinol + paromomycin
🗑
|
||||
| Rx swish and swallow method us used with nyacin to treat | show 🗑
|
||||
| Erythrocytosis in men should be | show 🗑
|
||||
| Erythrocytosis in women should be | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | asthma
🗑
|
||||
| show | charcot-leyden crystals
🗑
|
||||
| show | agonist
🗑
|
||||
| show | anatagonist
🗑
|
||||
| show | farmers
🗑
|
||||
| Adenosine Deaminase Deficency results in this condition | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | terazosin + doxazosin
🗑
|
||||
| show | cerebral edema
🗑
|
||||
| Asprin given to children younger than the age of 12 will results in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Disease arsing from deficiency in mannose-6-phosphate | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sx clouded cornea, restruct joint movement, and course facial features seen in | show 🗑
|
||||
| This bacteria's polysaccharies capsule gives it it's virulence | show 🗑
|
||||
| DNA mismatch repair will cause | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | scopolamine
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK fishy odor with thin discharge indicative of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | trichamonasis
🗑
|
||||
| show | candidasis vaginosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | diabetes insipidus
🗑
|
||||
| Desmopressin (ADH) Challenge will indicate whether the dx is | show 🗑
|
||||
| This syndrome's onset may be due to an adverse reaction to steroids | show 🗑
|
||||
| Amyloidosis stains congo | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK apple green bigeringate | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK histology showing rouleaux (poker chips like) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | reflex tachycardia; useful for pt. with bradycardia
🗑
|
||||
| show | prolong PR interval
🗑
|
||||
| Olgiodendrocyte destruction seen in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Retro peritoneal organ most injured in car accidents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | RBC membrane cytoskeleton
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Interstitial Fibrosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Honeycomb lung on x-ray is indicative of | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rx acetylcysteine decreases levels of | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1st line indicator in diabetic nephropathy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | buspirone
🗑
|
||||
| Crackles on lung auscultation mostly heard when pt has | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | dumb bells appearance
🗑
|
||||
| Asbestosis histology will show | show 🗑
|
||||
| Myocardial Infarction will produce | show 🗑
|
||||
| Prostaglandins produced in MI will | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cytochrome oxidase inducers include | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rapid correction of HYPONATUREMIA will lead to this condition | show 🗑
|
||||
| MRI shows increased signal intensity to the pons indicating | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sx of central pontine myelinolysis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Low sodium levels need to be correct very | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HOX gene expression
🗑
|
||||
| show | F.A.T.; Fluroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, and Tertatogens
🗑
|
||||
| show | MTX, Statins, Warfarin, Isorebinoin, DES, Thalidomide
🗑
|
||||
| show | 21
🗑
|
||||
| Fetal movement begins at week | show 🗑
|
||||
| By which week does the mother begin to experience fetal movement | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | vitamin A; alters HOX gene expression
🗑
|
||||
| show | rich in L.A.P: lysine, arginine and proline
🗑
|
||||
| show | histones
🗑
|
||||
| Where are histones located | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nuclear Localization Signals: Nuclear pores recognize these signals and transport proteins into the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| show | nuclear transport
🗑
|
||||
| show | mannose phophorylation
🗑
|
||||
| show | cell instead of into lysosomes for degradation
🗑
|
||||
| show | 8
🗑
|
||||
| show | ER and Golgi, etc
🗑
|
||||
| show | misfolding
🗑
|
||||
| show | degradation of damaged protein
🗑
|
||||
| Degradation of damaged proteins involves | show 🗑
|
||||
| This is also known as a heat shock protein | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fatty and branched chain fatty acids
🗑
|
||||
| Which cyclin-CDK complexes assist in the progression from G1 phase to S phase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cycline A and Cycline B; CDK 2 + CDK 1, respectively
🗑
|
||||
| What molecule does the Golgi add to proteins in order to direct the proteins to the lysosomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common cause of intellectual disability in infants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vimentin
🗑
|
||||
| Desmin is the intermediate filament of structural component | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | epithelial cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | astrocytes, schwann cells, other neuroglia
🗑
|
||||
| show | neurons
🗑
|
||||
| Neurofilaments is the intermediate filament of structural component | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nuclear envelope and DNA within
🗑
|
||||
| Which drugs act on microtubules (the microtuble growth voiding pure chemicals) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | primary ciliary dyskinesia
🗑
|
||||
| During what week of fetal development does organogensis take place | show 🗑
|
||||
| What molecule provide the structural framework for DNA and nuclear envelope | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | autophosphorylation
🗑
|
||||
| What type of protein is PDGF | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 2 alpha subunits and 2b subunits
🗑
|
||||
| show | prostaglandins
🗑
|
||||
| show | PGF-12
🗑
|
||||
| Which arachiodonic acid product causes: increased platelet aggregation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PG-12
🗑
|
||||
| Which arachiodonic acid product causes: increased uterine tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which arachiodonic acid product causes: decreased uterine tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | thromboxane
🗑
|
||||
| show | PG-12
🗑
|
||||
| show | phospholipids and cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| What drugs act on the arachidonic acid pathway | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the stages that an embroy goes through between conception and the development of an inner cell mass | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inner cell mass and outer trophoblast
🗑
|
||||
| show | placenta
🗑
|
||||
| Which cell types are constantly regenerating themselves due to an absence of the G0 phase and a short G1 phase | show 🗑
|
||||
| BCL-2 is major anti-apoptotic regulator of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bax (pro-apoptotic)
🗑
|
||||
| Bax creates channels in | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondria and into cytosol
🗑
|
||||
| Cytochrome C activates | show 🗑
|
||||
| The primary initator of apoptosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TNF-a + Fas ligand
🗑
|
||||
| show | foreign or infected cells
🗑
|
||||
| Cytotoxic T-Cells release which agents | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondrial permeability and activate phospholipases, proteases, endonucleases and ATPase
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of Cell Injury: accumulation of oxygen-derived free radicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| Radiation Exposure may cause | show 🗑
|
||||
| What histology features may be seen in apoptotic liver cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | histologic changes including steatosis, inflammation, ballooned hepatocytes, Mallory–Denk bodies, apoptotic hepatocytes, and fibrosis or cirrhosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondria swell, lysosomes swell, damage to plasma membrane and lysosomal membranes leads to enzyme leakage
🗑
|
||||
| What substances do cytotoxic T cells and NK cells use to induce apoptosis in the cells infected with a virus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell injury; DNA breakage, protein modification
🗑
|
||||
| What cellular enzymes are responsible for handling oxygen free radicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell injury; DNA breakage, protein modification
🗑
|
||||
| Nitric Oxide may cause | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell injury; DNA breakage, protein modification
🗑
|
||||
| show | cell injury; DNA breakage, protein modification
🗑
|
||||
| Acute inflammation: release of mediators | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | prostagladins and nitrix oxide
🗑
|
||||
| show | C5a
🗑
|
||||
| Polymyalgia rhematica laboratory indication | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | liver
🗑
|
||||
| show | C-Reactive Protein
🗑
|
||||
| show | elevated ESR
🗑
|
||||
| Acute inflammation: mediators increased vascular permeability fluid exudation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Can C-Reative Protein be lowered by smoking cessation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Maliganancy laboratory indication | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | C-Reactive Protein
🗑
|
||||
| True o False: C-Reactive Protein can be lowered by exercise/weight loss | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which metals are known to faciltate the generation of oxygen free radicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | p53 and Rb
🗑
|
||||
| show | collagen production (Type III and Type I)
🗑
|
||||
| show | hemorrhage and clotting
🗑
|
||||
| Cutaneous wound healing: 1-3 days | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cutaneous wound healing: 12-24 hours | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | elevated ESR
🗑
|
||||
| Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome sx (3-D pneumonic) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | elevated ESR
🗑
|
||||
| show | proline + lysine
🗑
|
||||
| What is the role of Vitamin C in collagen | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ehlers danlos
🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| What is the underlying dysfunction in Chediak-Higashi syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | autosomal recessive
🗑
|
||||
| How does having a high cholesterol content in the plasma membrane affect its function | show 🗑
|
||||
| A man working out at the gym building muscle would be considered | show 🗑
|
||||
| What can happen to the cells of the lower espohagus in response to chronic acid reflux | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | aging or "wear-and-tear" pigments, found in the liver, kidney, heart muscle, retina, adrenals, nerve cells, and ganglion cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | mesocortical pathway
🗑
|
||||
| Four major dopaminergic pathways | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nigrostriatial pathway
🗑
|
||||
| Four major dopaminergic pathways | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which nervous system cell matches the follow description: fried egg under histology staining | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | mircroglia
🗑
|
||||
| Which nervous system cell matches the follow description: myelinates mutiple CNS axons | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which nervous system cell matches the follow description: myelinates one PNS axon | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which nervous system cell matches the follow description: damaged in Guillain-Barre syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ogliodendrites
🗑
|
||||
| Which nervous system cell matches the follow description: macrophase of the CNS | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | huntington's and anxiet
🗑
|
||||
| What organelle becomes hypertrophied in hepatocytes with chronic phenobarbital use? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme mitigates the aging effects of cellular division by maintaining chromosomal right | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is currently known as the most effective way of prolonging life span | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | paraventricular nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| show | GABA
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type III
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type I
🗑
|
||||
| Which drug is used to shorten Stage N3 sleep | show 🗑
|
||||
| show |
🗑
|
||||
| show | Stage N3
🗑
|
||||
| What arachidonic acid product has actions that oppose that of prostacyclin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center
🗑
|
||||
| What two nerves are tested with the gag reflax | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bell's palsy; LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead
🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondria + cytochrome C
🗑
|
||||
| show | REM
🗑
|
||||
| A 19-year-old patient presents with a furnuncle on his philtrum, and the cavernous sinus becomes infected. What neurological deficits might you see in this patient? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anterior hypothalamus : Parasympathetic
Posterior: Sympathetic
🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 1 (Olfactory) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 2 (Optic) Site of exit from the skull? Function? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 3 (Occulomotor) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Form of stroke that causes occlusion of PCA.
Causes contralateral hemiparesis and CN 3 palsy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Superior orbital fissure
Innv. SO
Head trauma
Move eye by following finger
🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 5 (Trigeminal)-V1 Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Foramen ovale
Motor fxn. of muscle of mastication (open and close jaw)
Sensory: lower lip, lateral face, lower border of mandible
Lesion: Jaw will deviate towards the side of lesion when opening
Test: facial sensation, open jaw
🗑
|
||||
| Which muscle opens the jaw | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which muscle closes the jaw | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Superior orbital fissure
Innv. lateral rectus
Medial inferior pontine syndrome (contralateral hemiparesis and loss of tactile and vibrations + lesion of CN 6)
Test with follow my finger
🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 7 (Facial) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Name the 5 branches of the Facial Nerve (CN VII) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 8 (Vesitbulacocchlear) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 9 (Glossopharynageal) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Jugular foramen
Symp: body viscera, laryngeal & pharyngeal m.
Sensory: Trachea, External ear, viscera of esophagus, epiglottis
Lesion: Thyroidectomy, PICA infarct
Test: Gag reflex and saying ahh (elevates palate)
Uvula deviates away from lesion
🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 11 (Accessory) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cranial nerve 12 (Hypoglossal) Site of exit from the skull? Function? Lesions? How to test the function? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Touch cornea with cotton
N: Blink
Afferent: V1 (opthalmic)
Efferent: CN 7 (temporal branch)-closes eye (orbicularis oculi m.)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Touch cornea with cotton
N: Lacrimate
Afferent: V1 (opthalmic)
Efferent: CN 7 (temporal branch)
🗑
|
||||
| Jaw Jerk Reflex How to test? Normal reflex Afferent: Efferent: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pupillary Reflex How to test? Normal reflex Afferent: Efferent: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Gag Reflex How to test? Normal reflex Afferent: Efferent: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Midbrain contains which CN nuclei? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CN 5-8
🗑
|
||||
| show | CN 9, 10, 12
🗑
|
||||
| Spinal cord contains which CN nuclei? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | melatonin secretion, circadian rhythm
🗑
|
||||
| What does the Superior colliculus contain | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | auditory information
🗑
|
||||
| show | CN 3, 4, 6, branches (V1 and V2) of CN 5
🗑
|
||||
| What are other structures that run through Cavernous Sinus | show 🗑
|
||||
| The reticular activating system include which areas | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | arousal and sleep awakening
🗑
|
||||
| The Vagal nuclei are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nucleus solitarius Visceral sensory info:
Taste
Baroreceptors
gut distension
(CN 7,9,10)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Motor innv.
Pharynx
Larynx
Upper Esophagus
(CN 9,10,11)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Autonomic (Parasymp) info:
Heart
Lungs
Upper GI
(CN 10)
🗑
|
||||
| Which sympathetic chain starts from what spinal cord segment and ends at what segment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sympathetic denervation of the face
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Horner syndrome symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is caused by Horner syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the muscles of mastication | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bell's Palsy
🗑
|
||||
| Sx Ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis are indicative of | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • α1= Gq
• α2 =Gi
🗑
|
||||
| What G protein classes do beta receptors stimulate? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | • M1 =Gq
• M2 =Gi
• M3 =Gq
🗑
|
||||
| show | D2= Gs
🗑
|
||||
| show | methotrexate
vincristine
vinblastine
🗑
|
||||
| show | cytarabine (arabinofuranosyl)
🗑
|
||||
| show | imatinib
🗑
|
||||
| Which Rx prevents breast cancer | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the treatment for breast cancer | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the rate-limiting enzyme in purine synthesis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Case-Control study | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cohort Study | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Collects data from a group of people to assess frequency of disease (and related risk factor) at a particular point in time
Disease prevalence
Can't estimate causality
🗑
|
||||
| Twin Concordance Study | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Prior ovulation: Prophase of meiosis I
🗑
|
||||
| show | Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Supraspinal ligament
Interspinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space
Dura Matter
Subdural space
Arachnoid matter
Subarachnoid space
🗑
|
||||
| What medications are used in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension | show 🗑
|
||||
| Does the notochord become the neural tube | show 🗑
|
||||
| From where does the amygdala receive inputs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Output: Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Septum, Hippocampus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Narcolepsy sleep episodes start at REM sleep
🗑
|
||||
| What are the different stages of normal sleep | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which T cell type regulates the humoral response | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a reason why a woman might have primary amenorrhea (hint: congential) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a syringomyelia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cape-like bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation in upper extremities (fine touch preserved)
🗑
|
||||
| What type of skin cancer is associated with arsenic exposure in coal miners | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which one will be able to increase the blood pressure of a hypotensive patient | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the steps in the conversion of vitamin D to its active form in the body | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increases absorption of dietary Ca2+ and Phosphate
Increases bone resorption -> Increased Ca2+ and Phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| What landmarks are used when placing an internal jugular central venous catheter | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a reason why a woman might have primary amenorrhea? (hint:hymen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a reason why a woman might have primary amenorrhea? (hint: congential) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Serotonin syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Rx for Serotonin Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam aid penicillins in their activity against bacteria through what mechanism | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common benign tumor of the salivary gland? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a Warthin's tumor | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CN VII goes through parotid gland
🗑
|
||||
| show | Basement membrane
Membranous nephropathy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bacteria: Staph a. and Viridans strep
🗑
|
||||
| show | Predisposes:
sialolithiasis (stone obstruction of salivary gland)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gastrin
🗑
|
||||
| What important secretory products are secreted from the following cells of the GI tract (hint: I cells) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What important secretory products are secreted from the following cells of the GI tract? (hint: S cells) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Somatostatin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gatric acid and IF
🗑
|
||||
| What important secretory products are secreted from the following cells of the GI tract (hint: chief cells) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the antidote for warfarin anticoagulation or warfarin overdose | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the antidote for heparin overdose | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common cause of neural tube defects | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Sx Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alport Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Horner's Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Drooling farmer | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sheehan's Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Prolactinoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Exogenous Steroids
2) Ectopic ACTH--small cell lung cancer
3) Cushing Disease--pituitary tumor
4) Adrenal Adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| Most common tumor of the adrenal gland | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pheochromocytoma
🗑
|
||||
| Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (in kids) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Spironolactone or Eplerenone
🗑
|
||||
| show | MEN 2A
🗑
|
||||
| Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas | show 🗑
|
||||
| Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation | show 🗑
|
||||
| HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Papillary Carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| Cold intolerance | show 🗑
|
||||
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bugs producing catalase:
Candida
Aspergillus
Staph aureus
Klebsiella
E. coli
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyper-IgE Syndrome aka Job's Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV infected patient | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CMW
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ganciclovir
🗑
|
||||
| Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients | show 🗑
|
||||
| Drug used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mallory-Weiss Tear
🗑
|
||||
| show | Barrett Esophagus
🗑
|
||||
| show | HSV
🗑
|
||||
| Biopsy of a patient with esophagitis reveals enlarged cells, intranuclear and cytoplasmy inclusions, and a clear perinuclear halo | show 🗑
|
||||
| An esophageal biopsy reveals lack of ganglion cells between the inner and outer muscular layers | show 🗑
|
||||
| Biopsy of a mass in the parotid gland reveals a double layer of columnar epithelial cells resting on a dense lymphoid stroma | show 🗑
|
||||
| Protrusion of the mucosa in the upper esophagus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Outpouching of all layers of the esophagus found just above the LES | show 🗑
|
||||
| Basal cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, and elongation of the lamina propria papilla seen in biopsy of the esophagus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Barrett Esophagus
🗑
|
||||
| A PAS stain on a biopsy obtained from a patient with esophagitis reveals hyphate organisms | show 🗑
|
||||
| Esophageal pouch found in the upper esophagus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute Gastritis
🗑
|
||||
| Stomach biopsy reveals lymphoid aggregates in the lamina propria, columnar absorptive cells, and atrophy of glandular structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common type of stomach cancer | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ovarian metastases from gastric cancer | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cushing Ulcer
🗑
|
||||
| show | Curling Ulcer
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pancreatic Cancer
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gallstones & alcohol
🗑
|
||||
| Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Whipple's Disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | Celiac Sprue
🗑
|
||||
| Total or subtotal atrophy of the small bowel villi, plasma cells, and lymphocytic infiltration into the lamina propria and epithelium, and hyperplasea/elongation of the crypts | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Whipple's Disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | Celiac Disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | Folate
🗑
|
||||
| show | SCID
🗑
|
||||
| TG accumulation in hepatocytes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Eosinophillic inclusion in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Crigler-Nagir, Type I
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gilbert's or Crigler-Nagir, Type 2
🗑
|
||||
| show | Budd-Chiari Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Wilson's Disease
🗑
|
||||
| Low serum ceruloplasmin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cirrhosis, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Warfarin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Heparin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lesch-Nyan Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gout
Lesch-Nyhan
Tumor Lysis
Loop or Thiazide Diuretics
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lead Poisoning: Berton's Lead Lines
🗑
|
||||
| Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypersegmented neutrophils | show 🗑
|
||||
| Skull x-ray shows a "hair-on-end" appearance | show 🗑
|
||||
| Basophilic Stippling of RBCs | show 🗑
|
||||
| Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes, with hemolytic anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
🗑
|
||||
| show | Howell-Jowell Bodies
🗑
|
||||
| Autosplenectomy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydroxyurea (blocks ribonucleoside reductase stopping UDP->dUMP)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bernard-Soulier
🗑
|
||||
| Most common inherited bleeding disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cancer most commonly associated with noninfectious fever | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CLL
🗑
|
||||
| show | Multiple Myeloma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Burkitt Lymphoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rouleaux Formation-Multiple Myeloma
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Monoclonal AB spike | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reed-Sternberg cells-Hodgkin Lymphoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | ALL
🗑
|
||||
| show | CLL
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Characteristic Auer Rods | show 🗑
|
||||
| Myelodysplastic syndromes have a tendency to progress to this | show 🗑
|
||||
| Myeloproliferative disorders may progress to this | show 🗑
|
||||
| More than 20% blasts in the marrow | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia with more mature cells and <5% blasts | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK PAS (+) acute leukemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ALL
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Numerous basophils, splenomegaly, and negative for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CML
🗑
|
||||
| Acute leukemia positive for peroxidase | show 🗑
|
||||
| Solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow | show 🗑
|
||||
| PAS (-) acute leukemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rx Treatment choice for Rickets or Osteomalacia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Scurvy- Vit C deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| Most common cancer of the appendix | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common surgical emergency | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Peutz-Jegher's
🗑
|
||||
| Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Appendicitis
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Apple core" lesion on barium enema | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Appendicitis
🗑
|
||||
| Most common cause of LLQ pain | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cholecystitis
🗑
|
||||
| Colonoscopsy reveals very friable mucosa extending from the rectum to the distal transverse colon | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common site of colonic diverticula | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK "String sign" on contrast x-ray | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ulcerative Colitis
🗑
|
||||
| Food poisoning due to exotoxin | show 🗑
|
||||
| Osteomyelitis in sickle cells disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | S. aureus preformed toxin
🗑
|
||||
| Diarrhea caused by gram (-) nonmotile organism that does not ferment lactose | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vibrio cholera
🗑
|
||||
| Diarrhea caused by an S-shaped organism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | B. cereus
🗑
|
||||
| Diarrhea caused by gram (-) motile organism that doesn't ferment lactose | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common cause of "traveler's" diarrhea | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | C. difficile
🗑
|
||||
| Diarrhea caused by gram (-) lactose fermenting bacteria, no fever | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vibrio
🗑
|
||||
| Diarrhea + recent ingestion of water from a stream | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | O157:H7
🗑
|
||||
| Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV-infected patient | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Metronidazole for patient & sex partner
🗑
|
||||
| show | Giardia Lamblia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Enterobius vermicularis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ascaris lumbricoides
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cause of malaria Plasmodium
🗑
|
||||
| show | rRNA (ribozyme)
Peptidyl transferase
🗑
|
||||
| What conditions are associated with target cells (HALT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| Where do platelets come from | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | platelet plug
🗑
|
||||
| What is inside an endothelial cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is vWF made up of | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where are vWF specifically stored in the endothelial cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| vWF function | show 🗑
|
||||
| A deficiency of vWF would look like what coagulation cascade def | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | GpIb
🗑
|
||||
| show | vWF
COX
ADP,
PDGF,
serotonin,
fibrinogen,
lysosomal enzymes,
thromboxane A2,
calcium,
thrombin
🗑
|
||||
| What does ADP do | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Binds to fibrinogen and forms cross-links among platelets (aggregation)
🗑
|
||||
| show | NSAID
Inhibits COX 1 and 2 (permanently by covalent acetylation)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Leads to inhibition of TXA2 (decreases platelet aggregation) and Prostaglandin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increases BT, no effect on PT or PTT
🗑
|
||||
| show | Antipyretic (Reduce fever)
Analgesic (reduce pain)
Anti-inflammatory
Antiplatelet
Acute MI
Acute coronary syndromes
Acute thrombotic stroke
MI prevention
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gastric ulceration
Tinnitus
Hyperventilation
Respiratory alkalosis
Chronic use: Acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, Upper GI bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| Why should one not give children with a viral sickness aspirin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Blocks ADP receptors
-Prevents expression of GpIIb/IIIa
- Inhibits platelet aggregation
🗑
|
||||
| show | You give them these drugs in case of allergy to aspirin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute MI
Coronary stenting
Decreased incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke (Post-MI)
Aspirin allergy
🗑
|
||||
| ADP receptor inhibitor side effects | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibits Gp IIb/IIIa (directly)
- Inhibits platelet aggregation
🗑
|
||||
| What is Abciximab made from | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Unstable angina (NSTEMI)
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
🗑
|
||||
| show | PT, PTT, INR= Normal
Bleeding time = increased
🗑
|
||||
| Platelet disorder clinical presentation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)
Bernard-Souiler syndrome
Glanzmann thrombashenia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Low platelet count
Increased bleeding time
Increased megakaryocytes (biopsy)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute= children
Chronic= women of childbearing age
🗑
|
||||
| ITP can be associated with | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Steroids
IV Ig
Splenectomy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Decreased platelet count
Increased bleeding time
Schistocytes
Increased LDH
🗑
|
||||
| TTP is assc. with what other disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| What bacteria is HUS associated with; especially kids | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bernard-Soulier disorder labs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Defect in platelet plug formation
Decreased GpIIb/IIIa (defect in platelet-platelet formation)
Low aggregation
🗑
|
||||
| Glanzmann thrombasthenia labs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heparin induced
Aplastic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| von Willebrand disease (AD) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | No change in platelet count
Increased bleeding time
No change in PT
Increased PTT
🗑
|
||||
| show | von Willebrand disease
DIC
🗑
|
||||
| von Willebrand disease diagnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| von Willebrand disease treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Widespread activation of clotting
Consumes platelets and coagulations factors
Hypercoagulable (Bleed time increased)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Low platelets
Increased bleeding time
Increased PT and PTT
Schistocytes
Increased fibrin split products
(D-dimers)
Decreased fibrinogen (consuming)
Decreased factors V and VIII (consuming)
🗑
|
||||
| DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) causes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Snake Venom
🗑
|
||||
| What cytokines are increased in DIC | show 🗑
|
||||
| Platelet Stimulation | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the underlying pathophysiology in thrombotic throbocytopenic purpura (TTP) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies
binds to receptors on platelets and then immune systems removes platelets by splenic macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| What is the classic triad of HUS? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nasty
Fever
Torched
His
Kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| What is the defect in Bernard-Soulier disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the life span of a platelet (which is also the maximum life of platelets after a transfusion) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What molecule is expressed on the surface of a platelet after it becomes activated | show 🗑
|
||||
| NSAIDs inhibit the production of which substance important in platelet aggregation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | DIC:
Decreased platelets
Increased bleeding time
Increased PT and PTT
Increased D-Dimer
🗑
|
||||
| show | Directly or Indirectly aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibits COX 1 and 2
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of each of the following drugs? Clopidogrel | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of each of the following drugs? Ticlopedine | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of each of the following drugs? Enoxaparin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
🗑
|
||||
| Antiplatelet antibodies | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bernard-Soulier syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | vWF disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ubiquitin protein ligase
Lysosomes
Calcium-dependent enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Which medication used in the treatment of HIV is known for causing bone marrow suppression | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the treatment for lead poisoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A decrease in serum haptoglobin
Increase LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)
Schistocytes
Increased reticulocytes
Hemoglobinuria/Hemosiderinuria
Urobilinogen in urine
🗑
|
||||
| Intravascular hemolysis is going show | show 🗑
|
||||
| Extravascular hemolysis is going show | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mechanical hemolysis (Prosthetic valve)
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hereditary spherocytosis
G6PD deficiency
Pyruvate Kinase Def
HbC defect
Sickle cell anemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hereditary spherocytosis
G6PD deficiency
Pyruvate Kinase Def
HbC defect
Sickle cell anemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
🗑
|
||||
| show | Defect in protein interacting with RBC membrane skeleton and plasma mem.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
🗑
|
||||
| show | Splenomegaly
Aplastic crisis (Parvovirus B19
🗑
|
||||
| Hereditary spherocytosis diagnostic test? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hereditary spherocytosis treatment? | show 🗑
|
||||
| G6PD deficiency | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sulfa drugs, antimalarials, infections, fava beans
🗑
|
||||
| G6PD deficiency labs | show 🗑
|
||||
| G6PD deficiency symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased complement-mediated RBC lysis (impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor that protects RBC membrane from complement)
Missing CD55 and CD59 = flow cytometry
(+) Ham's test=RBC lysis at low pH
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coomb (-) hemolytic anemia
Pancytopenia
Venous thrombosis
🗑
|
||||
| Sickle cell disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| What factors cause sickling of RBCs | show 🗑
|
||||
| What infectious disease are people with sickle cell anemia resistant to? What type of people are more prone to this trait? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Because of the increased HbF in and decreased HbS
🗑
|
||||
| show | Aplastic crisis (parvovirus B19)
Autosplenectomy (howell-jolly bodies) and
Infections from SHiNE SKiS
Salmonella osteomyelitis
Painful crises (vaso-oclusive)
Renal papillary necrosis due to hypoxemia and microhematuria
🗑
|
||||
| show | "Crew cut" on skull due to marrow expansion from increased erythropoiesis
🗑
|
||||
| Sickle cell disease treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| HbC defect Common in newborn | show 🗑
|
||||
| Extrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia diseases (Problem outside RBCS) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Warm agglutinin (IgG)
Cold agglutinin (IgM)
Coombs (+)
🗑
|
||||
| show | RBCs are damaged when passing through obstructed or narrow vessel lumina
🗑
|
||||
| Microangiopathic anemia can be caused by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | "Helmet cells"
Seen on blood smear due to mechanical destruction of RBCs
🗑
|
||||
| show | Prosthetic heart valves and aortic stenosis may cause hemolytic anemia, secondary to mechanical destruction
Present with schistocytes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Malaria (Plasmodium spp.)
Babesia
🗑
|
||||
| A child anemic since birth has now been cured with splenectomy. What is the disease | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the difference between the hemoglobin S defect and the hemoglobin C defect? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Coombs' (+) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Direct Coombs' (DAT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the difference between a warm agglutinin and a cold agglutinin | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are schistocytes | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are two protozoal diseases that can cause hemolytic anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anemia
Jaundice
Pigmented gallstones
Splenomegaly
(+) osmotic fragility test
Coomb (-)
Spherocytes in peripheral smear
🗑
|
||||
| Cold Agglutinins | show 🗑
|
||||
| Warm Agglutinins | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Ham's test | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Heinz bodies | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fanconi anemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hereditary spherocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lead poisoning
Thalassemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cold agglutinins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sickle cell disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydroxurea
🗑
|
||||
| What is the target HgbA1C for every diabetic patient | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Antithrombin deficiency
Factor V Leiden
Protein S deficiency
Protein C deficiency
Prothrombin gene mutation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mycobacterium leprae
🗑
|
||||
| show | M. tuberculosis
🗑
|
||||
| Which Mycobacterium spp. fits each of the following description? Causes cervical lymphadenitis in children | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | M. avium-intraceullulare
🗑
|
||||
| show | M. marinum
🗑
|
||||
| show | Irregularly spaced ORS complexes
Irregular baseline
No steady rhythm (SA node dysfunction) (Multiple SA nodes)
No coordinated atrial contraction = no discrete P waves
🗑
|
||||
| show | Atrial stasis (pooling) and lead to thrombosis>emboli
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial fibrillation can also cause SVTs? What is an SVT? How is it caused? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | New: <48 hrs = synchronized cardioversion
🗑
|
||||
| Rate control drugs? Rhythm control drugs? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | This can cause a thrombus to dislodge and form emboli, due to the heart resetting the contraction
🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Atrial flutter characteristics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PR interval prolonged (>200 msec or 5 little boxes)
Asymptomatic
🗑
|
||||
| First Degree Heart Block can be caused by what drug | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Borrelia burgdorgeri (Lyme disease)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Unsteady rhythm
PR intervals increase, until beat drop
Every QRS complex is followed by a P-wave, but every P-wave doesn't followed by a QRS complex
Benign
🗑
|
||||
| show | Regularly Irregular
🗑
|
||||
| show | Unsteady rhythm
No increae in PR intervals except for DROP (abrupt)
Can progress to 3rd degree block
Treated with pacemaker
🗑
|
||||
| show | Steady rhythm
Decreased HR
Atria and Ventricular beat independently (SA no communicating with AV)
Narrow QRS complex
Ventricular rate is slower, atrial faster
Treated with pacemaker
Lyme disease
🗑
|
||||
| Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Delta waves with widened QRS
and shortened PR intervals
🗑
|
||||
| Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome can result it in | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Class IA (procainmide) and III (amiodarone)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Originates above the AV node
Can be caused by AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
Narrow QRS
🗑
|
||||
| Junctional Escape Rhythm | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular premature beats or PVC (Premature ventricular contraction) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular bigeminy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 2 sinus beats followed by a ventricular premature beat
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular Escape Rhythm | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nonsustained VT:
-Series of repetitive ventricular beats
-Duration <30secs
Sustained VT:
Duration >30secs
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rhythm is normal
Slight irregularity of R-R intervals
QRS axis shifted to left
Width of QRS >0.6 secs
🗑
|
||||
| show | hemodynamic collapse; Treat: async defibrillation and CPR
🗑
|
||||
| Torsades de Pointes | show 🗑
|
||||
| What causes Torsades de Pointes? Treatment? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A completely erratic rhythm with NO identifiable waves.
Fatal w/o CPR or defib
🗑
|
||||
| show | Monomorphic: defibrillation and CPR
🗑
|
||||
| What is the hallmark of a third degree heart bloc | show 🗑
|
||||
| What drugs are know to prolong QT interval, increasing the likelihood of torsades in those at risk | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the two different types of second degree AV block? How do they differ? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is warfarin anticoagulation important in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the fibrous band attached to the testis and scrotum that aids in normal testicular descent? What is this structure called in females? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
AD disorder of blood vessels. Findings: telangiectasia, recurrent epistaxis, skin discolorations, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), GI bleeding, hematuria.
🗑
|
||||
| Which studies use odds ratios, and which use relative risks? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased vascular tone-vasoconstriction
Increased bronchial tone- bronchoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| What role do prostaglandins and angiotensin II play on the renal arterioles? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Antimuscuranic (M1)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Histamine antagonist
D2 dopamine antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism of action of the following antiemetics? Prochlorperazine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | D2 receptor antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| show | 5-HT3 antagonist
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 endogenous androgens, in order from the most potent to the least potent | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does a decrease in renal artery pressure cause an increase in blood pressure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gases (especially nitrogen) that had dissolved in the blood at high pressures form gas bubbles that can occlude blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Is a 34-year-old schizophrenic patient having active hallucinations, who is not oriented to time, place, or person, able to legally agree to a plan of care? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What factors must be in place in order for a patient to have the capacity to make a decision? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | MGN (Medial Geniculate)
🗑
|
||||
| The thalamus is a relay station that conducts signals to and from the brain. Which thalamic nuclei are the relay stations for each of the following body sensations/activities? Visual sensation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | VL (Ventral Lateral)
🗑
|
||||
| show | VPM (Ventral Posteromedial)
🗑
|
||||
| The thalamus is a relay station that conducts signals to and from the brain. Which thalamic nuclei are the relay stations for each of the following body sensations/activities? Body sensation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma
🗑
|
||||
| How is it relevant to the treatment of diabetes mellitus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A 23-year-old man recently finished treatment to eradicate the lice infestation that he acquired during a recent trip to Mexico. What organism might be responsible for this man's recurrent fever? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pancreas Endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Posterior pitutary Neuroectoderm
🗑
|
||||
| What germ layer gives rise to each of the following adult structures | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cranial nerves Neural Crest
🗑
|
||||
| Left to Right Shunts; what are they? (3) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1st gen- Gm (+), Proteus m., E.coli, Klebsiella
🗑
|
||||
| show | Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter a., Neisseria spp., Gm (+), Proteus m., E.coli, Klebsiella, Serratia m.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Serious gram-negative infections resistant to other Beta-lactams, Pseudomonas, Neisseria gonorrhea
🗑
|
||||
| What are the clinical uses for 4th gen cephalosporins | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | (BFDR) Brochospasm and wheezing
cutaneous flushing
Diarrhea
Right-sided valvular disease
🗑
|
||||
| Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is caused by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Loud S1; wide fixed spilt S2
🗑
|
||||
| What can be seen on X-ray in ASD? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular septal defect | show 🗑
|
||||
| Defect in intraventricular septum | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | If lesion is too large it can cause LV overload or HF
🗑
|
||||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is caused by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Continuous, "machine-like" murmur
Left upper sternal border of the newborn
🗑
|
||||
| show | Indomethacin (blocks PGE synthesis)
🗑
|
||||
| When is PDA to remain open | show 🗑
|
||||
| Eisenmenger Syndrome Severe | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Later cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia, and SOB
🗑
|
||||
| show | Infantile: Aortic narrowing near intersection of ductus arteriosus ("juxtaductal") - only blood flowing to distal aorta is from PDA. (Req open PDA)...Assc. with Turner Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | Distal to ductus arteriosus,
Once PDA is closed remnant = Ligamentum aretiosum
🗑
|
||||
| Once PDA is closed the remnant is | show 🗑
|
||||
| Coarctation of the Aorta symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Early cyanosis- "blue babies" (bypass pulmonary circuit)
🗑
|
||||
| Requires surgery or an open PDA | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
Transposition (2 switched vessels)
Tricuspid atresia (3= Tri)
Tetralogy of Fallot (4 =Tetra)
TAPVR (5 letters in name)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Failure of truncus arteriosus to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta
Deoxy blood of RV mixes with Oxy blood of LV
Cyanosis, Respiratory distress, HF
May have VSD
🗑
|
||||
| D-transposition of Great Vessels (TGA) What does it req. to be compatible with life? What medication should be give to help shunts? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Who are more prone to TGA? | show 🗑
|
||||
| LGA (Large for gestational age) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Tricuspid atresia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Tetralogy of Fallot | show 🗑
|
||||
| 4 components of Tetraology of Fallot | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Squatting=Increase SVR, Decreases R>L shunt, improves cyanosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | RVH or Boot-shaped heart in infant
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pulmonary veins drain into right atria circulation (SVC, Coronary sinus)
Closed loop
Without shunt patient will die
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ebstein anomaly | show 🗑
|
||||
| Explain how the great vessels are attached in a transposition of the great vessels | show 🗑
|
||||
| What heart defect is associated with deletion of Chromosome 22q11 deletions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Describe blood flow through a PDA | show 🗑
|
||||
| What heart defect is associated with Down syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| A 45-year-old man presents with a BP of 160/90 on the right arm and 170/92 on the left arm.There are no palpable pulses in the feet/ankle. What problem does this patient most likely have? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PDA
Pulmonary artery stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| What heart defect is associated with each of the following disorders? Turner syndrome Infantile coarctation | show 🗑
|
||||
| What heart defect is associated with each of the following disorders? Marfan syndrome | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | RVH or Tetralogy of Fallot
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coarctation of aorta
🗑
|
||||
| Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Where does erythropoiesis take place in the fetus (4)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Adults:Vertebrae, Sternum, Pelvis, Ribs, cranial bones, and tibia & femur
🗑
|
||||
| show | Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (beta-lactamase inhibitor)
🗑
|
||||
| Rx Prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cephalosporins
🗑
|
||||
| show | Penicillin G
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ceftriaxone
🗑
|
||||
| show | Septum primum and secundum
🗑
|
||||
| show | Foramen ovale and ostium secundum
🗑
|
||||
| What structure grows to close the opening/canal between the atrial chamber and ventricular chamber into two smaller openings | show 🗑
|
||||
| What genetic abnormality is commonly associated with endocardial cushion defects | show 🗑
|
||||
| Truncus arteriosus and Aorticopulmonary septum arises from what type of cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Truncus arteriosus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bulbis Cordis
🗑
|
||||
| Which embryologic structure of the heart gives rise to each of the following adult structures? Trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Primitive Atrium
🗑
|
||||
| Which embryologic structure of the heart gives rise to each of the following adult structures? Coronary sinus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which embryologic structure of the heart gives rise to each of the following adult structures? Smooth part of the right atrium | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | R. common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
🗑
|
||||
| What vessel carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ductus venosus
Foramen Ovale
Ductus arteriosus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Breathing (respiration)
🗑
|
||||
| Common to hear what murmur in the first 24 hrs of life, and then it disappears | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which fetal vessel has the highest oxygenation | show 🗑
|
||||
| What structure divides the truncus arteriosus into the aortic and pulmonary trunks? What is the cellular origin of this structure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What causes the ductus arteriosus to close | show 🗑
|
||||
| What causes the foramen ovale to close | show 🗑
|
||||
| Order of oxygenation from highest to lowest (3) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pituitary excess:
Acromegaly, TSH-secreting tumor, ACTH-secreting tumor
GI endocrine excess:
Carcinoid syndrome, ZES syndrome, VIPoma, glucagonoma, insulinoma
Diarrhea
Reduce splanchnic blood circulation:
Cirrhosis with bleeding esophageal varices
🗑
|
||||
| What is the name given to a thyroid hormone-secreting teratoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypothyroidism symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| Levothyroxine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Can cause tachycardia, heat intolerance, arrythmias
🗑
|
||||
| show | Synthetic analog of T3
🗑
|
||||
| show | Poor brain development
Pot-bellied
Pale
Puffy-faced
Protuding umbilicus
Protuberant tounge
🗑
|
||||
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hashimoto thyroiditis histology findings? What are these cells called? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Non-Hodgikin lymphoma (Marginal Zone) (B-cell)
🗑
|
||||
| Hashimoto thyroiditis can start off as hyperthyroidism because? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hashimoto thyroiditis can also be assc. with what other diseases (3) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypothyroidism with a PAINFUL (tender) goiter
Self-limited disease
🗑
|
||||
| Subacute (de Quervain) Thyroiditis can start off as what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Focal destruction with Granulomatous inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase
🗑
|
||||
| Subacute (de Quervain) Thyroiditis is associated with? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Subacute (de Quervain) Thyroiditis often follows what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Riedel's thyroiditis caused by? Chronic inflammation of thyroid > fibrous tissue (Hypothyroid or euthyroid)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fixed, hard, rock-like thyroid
Painless goiter
Histology:
Macrophages and Eosinophils
🗑
|
||||
| show | Extension of fibrosis which may extend to airway or other structures.
Anaplastic carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Grave's disease or multinodular goiter , or even a single toxic adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| Radioiodine uptake scan decreased | show 🗑
|
||||
| Papillary carcinoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK Papillary carcinoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Exposure to childhood irradiation
Increased RET and BRAF mutation
🗑
|
||||
| Follicular carcinoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| Follicular carcinoma diagnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Invasion of capsule occurs in carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hematogenously
🗑
|
||||
| Follicular adenoma of thyroid | show 🗑
|
||||
| Medullary carcinoma of thyroid | show 🗑
|
||||
| Parafollicular "C" cells like to secrete | show 🗑
|
||||
| Medullary carcinoma of thyroid assc. with | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anaplastic undifferentiated neoplasm
Older patients
🗑
|
||||
| Thyroidectomy complications? (3) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Papillary carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Follicular carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| What type of thyroid cancer matches each of the following statements? Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases | show 🗑
|
||||
| What type of thyroid cancer matches each of the following statements? Hashimoto thyroiditis is a risk factor | show 🗑
|
||||
| What type of thyroid cancer matches each of the following statements? Cancer arising from parafollicular C cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| What type of thyroid cancer matches each of the following statements? Commonly associated with either a RAS mutation or a PAX8-PPAR gamma 1 rearrangement (LY) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What type of thyroid cancer matches each of the following statements? Commonly associated with rearrangements in RET oncogene or NTRK1 | show 🗑
|
||||
| What type of thyroid cancer matches each of the following statements? Most common mutation in the BRAF GENE (serine/threonine kinase) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cold tolerance | show 🗑
|
||||
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | (Hypercholesterolemia)
Due to decreased LDL receptor expressio
🗑
|
||||
| show | Excessive daytime sleepiness
Rapid progression from walking state to REM sleep
Cataplexy (sudden muscular weakness)
Hallucinations
🗑
|
||||
| What is the treatment for narcolepsy | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the first-line treatment for a patient with erectile dysfunction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Infliximab and adlimumab
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anatomical snuffbox tenderness = scaphoid fracture
🗑
|
||||
| What might result in a proximal fracture of the scaphoid if left untreated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Week 1
🗑
|
||||
| During what week of fetal development will the fetus reach the following landmarks? Organogensis | show 🗑
|
||||
| During what week of fetal development will the fetus reach the following landmarks? Heart begins to beat | show 🗑
|
||||
| During what week of fetal development will the fetus reach the following landmarks? can distinguish male or female genetalia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Week 3
🗑
|
||||
| During what week of fetal development will the fetus reach the following landmarks? Formation of primitive streak and neural plate | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a cholesteatoma, and how does it present | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the adverse reactions of exogenous testosterone in males | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the initial medical treatment for the arrhythmia known as torsades de pointes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tight junctions between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells
Basement membrane
Astrocyte foot processes
🗑
|
||||
| Which diuretics are most appropriate for patients with hyperaldosteronism? What are their important side effects? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cochlea > Cochlear nuclei > Contralateral superior olivary nucleus > Lateral lemniscus > Inferior colliculus > Medial geniculate body > Primary auditory cortex
🗑
|
||||
| What clinical presentation might lead you to suspect a patient may have lymphoma | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common leukemia in children | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common leukemia in adults in US | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | AML
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute Leukemia
🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia with more mature cells and less than 5% blasts | show 🗑
|
||||
| PAS (+) acute leukemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Always positive for the Philadelphia chromosome (t 9;22) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Acute leukemia positive for PEROXIDASE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CML
🗑
|
||||
| show | Meteplasia (columnar to squamous)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Self-limited episode that must be present for atleast 2 weeks
Decreased NE and Serotonin
🗑
|
||||
| Common Antidepressants | show 🗑
|
||||
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Treatment for atypical depression | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 50-85% incidence rate
Depressed affect, tearfulness, and fatigue (2-3 days after delivery)
Resolves in a week
Support + follow-up= treatment
🗑
|
||||
| What is postpartum depression | show 🗑
|
||||
| Postpartum psychosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Dysthmia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mild depression during winter months (due to decreased sunlight)
Rx. Go outside or go on vacation
🗑
|
||||
| show | SAD PERSONS scale:
Sex (male)
Age (under 19 or over 45)
Depression
Previous attempts
Ethanol (alcohol/drug use)
loss of Rational thinking
Sickness
Organized plan
No social support
Stated future intent
🗑
|
||||
| show | Women: try
Men: succeed
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypersomnia
Hyperphagia
Mood reactivity
Hypersensitivity to rejection
Leaden paralysis
Common subtype of Depression
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dysthymia
🗑
|
||||
| A 55-year-old man who is a smoker and heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flu-like symptoms. Gram-stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram-negative rods. What is the diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Migranes (unilateral), loss of vision, pain when chewing
Increased ESR and Biopsy (definitive)
🗑
|
||||
| SSRIs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sexual dysfunction and Serotonin syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | SSRIs
SNRIs
MAOIs
St. Johns Wort
Kava Kava
Tryptophan
Cocaine
Amphetamines
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cool patient down and provide benzodiazepine (first line)
Or Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor blockers)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased BP, sedation, nausea
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibit serotonin and NE re-uptake
(Amitrptyline and Clomipramine-OCD)
Older drug
Depression
Imipramine= bedwetting (enuresis)
🗑
|
||||
| Side effects of TCAs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NaHCO3 to prevent arrhythmia (to alkalinized the urine)- excretes TCAs
🗑
|
||||
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Parkinsonism-like symptoms, so it increases dopamine
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tachycardia and arrhythmia
Must wait 2 weeks after stopping MAOI before starting new drug
🗑
|
||||
| Bupropion | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mirtazapine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Blocks 5-HT2 and alpha-1 receptors
Good for Insomnia
Side effect: priapism, sedation, postural hypotension
🗑
|
||||
| What is the MOA of each of the following medication classes? SSRI | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibit serotonin and NE re-uptake
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibit serotonin and NE re-uptake (older)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the MOA of each of the following medication classes? MAOI | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine, Citalopram, Fluvoxamine
🗑
|
||||
| TCA drugs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Selegiline, Tranylcypromine, Phenelzine
🗑
|
||||
| NDRI drugs | show 🗑
|
||||
| SNRI drugs (3) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mirtazapine and Trazodone
🗑
|
||||
| Which antidepressant matches each of the following statements? SE:priapism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Burpropion and TCAs
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trazadone
🗑
|
||||
| What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which antidepressant matches each of the following statements? Appetite stimulant that is likely to result in weight gain | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which antidepressant matches each of the following statements? Bedwetting in children | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the symptoms of TCA overdose? Tri-Cs | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which antidepressant matches each of the following statements? Smoking cessation | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens if you ingest tyramine while on MAOIS? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Amitriptyline (due to anticholinergic effects)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Familial hypercholesteremia
🗑
|
||||
| Café-au-lait spots | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Spina bifida occulta
🗑
|
||||
| What structures are at risk for injury with an anterior shoulder dislocation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the layers of the epidermis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Candida Albicans | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Caused by Candida albicans
Severe itching
Edema and discomfort
Vaginal discharge
Acidic env
🗑
|
||||
| Candida albicans deep infections? Cause what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Candida albicans diagnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Topical azloe- vaginal
Nystatin, Fluconazole, or Caspofungin - oral/esophageal
Caspofungin, Fluconazole, and amphotericin B- systemic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Heavily encapsulated
Narrow based-budding- Rep.
Found in soil and pigeon dropping
Cultured on Sabouraud agar
🗑
|
||||
| Cryptococcus neoformans diagnosed using | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen and is more specific
🗑
|
||||
| show | Soap Bubble in brain (Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Combo of Amphotericin B + Flucytosine
and then followed by single-therapy Fluconazole
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Diffuse intersitisl pneumonia
Aytpical pneumonia (walking pneumonia)
Asymptomatic normally
Symptomatic for Immunosuppressed
🗑
|
||||
| Pneumocystis jirovecii diagnosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TMP/SMX (Bactrim)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Start when CD4+ count drops <200 cells/mm3
🗑
|
||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus (MOLD) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Narrow septate hyphae that branch at acute angles (less than 45 degrees)
🗑
|
||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cause mucormycosis
Cause disease in severely immunocompromised
🗑
|
||||
| show | Broad Irregular shaped, nonseptate hyphae branching at WIDE angles (90 degrees) -Ribbon-like
Penetrate cribiform plate to enter bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or leukemia are prone to develop | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mucor and Rhizopus treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Branching septate hyphae visible on KOH prep. with blue fungal stain
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trichophytin
Microsporum (most prevalent)
Epidermophytin
Malassezia furfur
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tina pedis- feet
Tina cruis- groin
Tinea corporis- body (ringworm)
Tinea capitis- head (ringworm
🗑
|
||||
| show | Topical Terbinafine/Azoles
Extensive infection or that involve scalp and hair require oral Terbinafine/Azoles
🗑
|
||||
| show | Caused by Trichophyton rubrum
Thickened discolored nails
Terbinafine/Azoles (oral)
🗑
|
||||
| Tinea Vesicolor Caused by? Type of yeast? Causes? Occurrence? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | KOH prep: spaghetti and meatballs look"
Treat with topical azole (selenium sulfide)
🗑
|
||||
| Systemic MYCOSES Causes? Type of fungi? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Systemic mycoses treatment? Local: Systemic: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Histoplama capsulatum "Histo hides" | show 🗑
|
||||
| Blastomyces dermatitidis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Coccidioides immitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Coccidioides immitis can cause if severe | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhaled
Disseminates widely
Severe pneumonia, infection of mucus membranes and skin
Captain Wheels formation
🗑
|
||||
| Sporothrix schenckii Can cause | show 🗑
|
||||
| Rose garderner's disease How is it caused? What forms | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sporotrichosis treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Coccidiomyces
🗑
|
||||
| show | Histoplasma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Paracoccidiomyces
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sporothrix schenckii
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coccidiomyces
🗑
|
||||
| show | Blastomyces
🗑
|
||||
| Found in bird and bat droppings | show 🗑
|
||||
| Causes thrush in immunocompromised patients and vulvovaginitis in women | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Coccidiomyces
🗑
|
||||
| show | Paracoccidiomyces b.
🗑
|
||||
| Opportunistic mold with septate hyphae that branch at a 45° angle | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cryptococcus meningitis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mucor and Rhizopus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coccidiomyces
🗑
|
||||
| An HIV (+) patient with CSF showing 75/mm3 lymphocytes suddenly dies. Yeast is identified in the CSF. What is the most likely diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Blastomyces
🗑
|
||||
| show | Histoplasma capsulatum
Cryptococcus neoformans
Chlamydophila psittaci
H5N1 Influenza (Bird Flu)
West Nile Virus
🗑
|
||||
| Causes diaper rash | show 🗑
|
||||
| Known for causing pneumonia in AIDS patients start Bactrim prophylaxis when CD4 <200 | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluconazole
🗑
|
||||
| Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nystatin/Fluconazole
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment for systemic candidiasis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Opportunistic fungal infections | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the classic clinical presentation of a thyroglossal duct cyst | show 🗑
|
||||
| What conditions are associated with an elevated ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the clinical use for tiotropium | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1st order velocity/kinetics | show 🗑
|
||||
| Zero order velocity/kinetics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | maximum velocity the reaction can achieve
Proportional to the amount of enzymes available
🗑
|
||||
| show | substrate concentration at 1/2 of Vmax
Inversely related to the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate
🗑
|
||||
| Lineweaver-Burk plot | show 🗑
|
||||
| Increased y-intercept does what to Vmax | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | increases Km and Lowers affinity
🗑
|
||||
| show | it does nothing to Vmax and increases Km
🗑
|
||||
| Noncompetitive inhibitor does what to Vmax | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Volume of Distribution= Amt of drug in body/plasma drug conc
2)Clearance= Rate of elimin/plasma drug conc= (0.7 x Vd/half-life)
3) Loading Dose= Conc at steady state X Vd
4)Maintenance dose= Conc at steady state x Clearance
🗑
|
||||
| Half-life | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 4 Half-lives
🗑
|
||||
| show | the maximal effect a drug can produce
🗑
|
||||
| Potency | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Shifts curve to right and lowers potency
no change in efficacy
Increased Km & same Vmax
🗑
|
||||
| show | Shifts curve down (decrease efficacy)
Decrease Vmax and same Km
🗑
|
||||
| show | Shifts curve down and left (decrease efficacy but increased potency)
Decrease Vmax and Km
🗑
|
||||
| What variable can you not compare between Agonist and Partial agonist | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | LD50= lethal dose to about 50% of people
_____________________________________________
ED50= effective dose to about 50% of people
🗑
|
||||
| show | Higher therapeutic index (Increased LD50 or Decreased ED50)
🗑
|
||||
| Examples of drugs with low TI? (5) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Measure of clinical drug effectiveness for a patient
Higher therapeutic window= safer the drug
🗑
|
||||
| show | you stop infusion of drug for 1 half-life
🗑
|
||||
| show | loading Dose would remain unchanged, but Maintenance dose would decrease.
🗑
|
||||
| show | B-Cells located in Follicle of lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| show | T-Cell located in Paracortex of lymph node
macrophages located in Medullary Sinus of lymph node
Plasma cells located in Medullary Cords of lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| show | macrophages located in Medullary Sinus of lymph node
🗑
|
||||
| Where would you find plasma cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| The protein derived from what gene serves as a transcription factor for the development and function of regulatory T cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Vestibular bulbs
🗑
|
||||
| What is the female homologue to each of the following male structures? Cowper's glands (bulbourethral glands) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Urethral and paraurethral glands of Skene
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glans clitoris
🗑
|
||||
| show | Labia minora
🗑
|
||||
| What is the female homologue to each of the following male structures? Scrotum | show 🗑
|
||||
| What important intracellular proteins are common to both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio (>2:1)
Surfactant main component = lecthins (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)
🗑
|
||||
| What amino acids are necessary for purine synthesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| What nutrient deficiency is associated with spooning of the nails (koilonychia) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CL= (0.7) x Vd
-----------------
Half-Life
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Coxiella
🗑
|
||||
| Why can't obligate intracellular bacteria replicate extracellularly | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is compartment syndrome, and how is it treated | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gastrohepatic ligament (right)
Gastrosplenic ligament (left)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gastrohepatic ligament
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gastrosplenic and Splenorenal ligaments
🗑
|
||||
| Contains the portal triad | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Falciform ligament
🗑
|
||||
| show | RER
🗑
|
||||
| infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegally, neurodegeneration | show 🗑
|
||||
| infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly | show 🗑
|
||||
| infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect | show 🗑
|
||||
| infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegally, neurodegeneration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Charcot's triad (ascending cholangitis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | squamous cell carcinoma (lung and cervix)
🗑
|
||||
| large rash with bull's eye appearance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
🗑
|
||||
| male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndromes (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
🗑
|
||||
| Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth or following clavicle fracture | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
🗑
|
||||
| Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
🗑
|
||||
| show | cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
🗑
|
||||
| painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles | show 🗑
|
||||
| painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cancer of the head of the pancreas obstructing the bile duct
🗑
|
||||
| show | Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
🗑
|
||||
| pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors | show 🗑
|
||||
| precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, multiple unilateral bone lesions | show 🗑
|
||||
| pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation | show 🗑
|
||||
| polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
🗑
|
||||
| show | Horner's Syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
🗑
|
||||
| Rash on palms and soles | show 🗑
|
||||
| Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE | show 🗑
|
||||
| Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
🗑
|
||||
| show | paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
🗑
|
||||
| show | von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
🗑
|
||||
| resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability | show 🗑
|
||||
| restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) and lots of other causes
🗑
|
||||
| show | McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
🗑
|
||||
| single palm crease | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystophin; less sever than Duchenne's)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Koplik spots (measles)
🗑
|
||||
| smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals | show 🗑
|
||||
| splinter hemorrhages in fingernails | show 🗑
|
||||
| "Strawberry tongue" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
🗑
|
||||
| swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
🗑
|
||||
| show | aortic valve stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sipple's Syndrome (MEN 2A)
🗑
|
||||
| Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
🗑
|
||||
| show | reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
🗑
|
||||
| Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin)
🗑
|
||||
| Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations | show 🗑
|
||||
| "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | acute pyelonephritis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Whipple's disease (tropheryma whippelii)
🗑
|
||||
| show | subarachnoid hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| WBCs in urine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Neurofibromatosis type I
🗑
|
||||
| vitamin K dependent clotting factors | show 🗑
|
||||
| anticentromere antibodies | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
🗑
|
||||
| antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; pANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis)
🗑
|
||||
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
🗑
|
||||
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
🗑
|
||||
| anti-endomysial antibodies | show 🗑
|
||||
| azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lead poisoning or siderblastic anemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Subarachnoid hemorrhage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
🗑
|
||||
| show | actinomyces israelii
🗑
|
||||
| show | pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. hyperparathydoidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
🗑
|
||||
| show | Chagas' disease (typanosoma cruzi)
🗑
|
||||
| show | rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
🗑
|
||||
| show | endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
🗑
|
||||
| circular groupoing of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils | show 🗑
|
||||
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs | show 🗑
|
||||
| abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | familial hypercholesterolemia (increased LDL leads to deposits)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
🗑
|
||||
| show | erythropoietin injection
🗑
|
||||
| back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| blue sclera | show 🗑
|
||||
| bluish line on gingiva | show 🗑
|
||||
| bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis, increased alk phos | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
🗑
|
||||
| show | muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's)
🗑
|
||||
| "Cherry-red spot" on macula | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystophy: X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
🗑
|
||||
| Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion)
🗑
|
||||
| show | McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
🗑
|
||||
| Cold intolerance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
🗑
|
||||
| continuous "machinery" heart murmur | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves' disease)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
🗑
|
||||
| Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation | show 🗑
|
||||
| Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death | show 🗑
|
||||
| dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy | show 🗑
|
||||
| dog or cat bite resulting in infection | show 🗑
|
||||
| dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (collagen defect, usually type III)
🗑
|
||||
| show | virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
🗑
|
||||
| erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| facial muscle spasm upon tapping | show 🗑
|
||||
| fat, female, forty, and fertile | show 🗑
|
||||
| fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fever, cough, conjunctivits, coryza, diffuse rash | show 🗑
|
||||
| fever, night sweats, weight loss | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
🗑
|
||||
| Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen mutation)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Kluber-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
🗑
|
||||
| Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | "blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
🗑
|
||||
| show | NONPAINFUL: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum); PAINFUL: painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
🗑
|
||||
| Degeneration of dorsal column nerves | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
🗑
|
||||
| desquamated epithelium casts in sputum | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pott's disease (vertebral TB)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Babinski's sign (UMN lesion --> spastic paralysis)
🗑
|
||||
| Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | thrombosis, DIC, PE, DVTs, Budd Chiari
🗑
|
||||
| abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
🗑
|
||||
| bluish line on gingiva | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Phosphitransferase - tags enzymes with mannose 6 phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| show | periplasmic space
🗑
|
||||
| what bacterial form provides resistance to dehydration, heat, and chemicals | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | (F or sex) pilus
🗑
|
||||
| show | plasmid
🗑
|
||||
| show | giemsa stain
🗑
|
||||
| which organisms are not well visualized with gram stain | show 🗑
|
||||
| By what method are plasmids exchanged between bacteria | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | botulinum toxin
🗑
|
||||
| which exotoxin is a phospholipase that causes gas gangrene | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pertussis toxin
🗑
|
||||
| show | cholera toxin, heat labile ETEC toxin
🗑
|
||||
| show | PV leukocidin and gamma-hemolysin of staph aureus
🗑
|
||||
| which exotoxin is composed of edema factor, lethal factor, and protective antigen | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A group of disorders caused when something disrupts the production of blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | tubular adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| 38yo M with 1-week hx of watery, itchy eyes and a runny nose. Physical shows inflamed nasal mucosa. No congestion in lower lung. Pharmacotherapy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Herpes simplex virus type 2
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rosacea
🗑
|
||||
| 53yo M returned from Africa, has fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort. Received appropriate vaccinations prior to the trip. T 39.4C. A wright-stained peripheral smear shown. Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 68yo F with T2DM and hypertension that has even poorly controlled despite hydrochlorothiazide treatment. BP 150/96, Labs show serum glucose concentration of 130 and proteinuria. In addition to current Rx, which is most appropriate pharmacotherapy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Loperamide
🗑
|
||||
| 35yo M in ED with 2-hour hx of sever fatigue and dizziness. Had profuse, watery diarrhea for 8 hours despite a lack of oral intake. Recently returned from a medical relief trip to a remove village in Honduras. T 36.7 C, P 122/min, BP 90/50. PE shows dry s | show 🗑
|
||||
| 59yo F with gradual onset of lack of muscle control in her left arm and leg. Sx 1 mo ago after dx with metastatic breast cancer. PE shows ataxia of left upper and lower extremities. Muscle strength, DTR, sensation, proprioception normal. Metastatic tumor | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CMV
🗑
|
||||
| Female newborn is delivered at 38 weeks' gestation. Apgar 8 and 8 at 1/5 min. PE shows a bulging, fluod0filled mass approximately 5 cm in diameter in the midline over the lumbosacral region. No spontaneous movements of the lower extremities. Abnormality m | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Torsades de Pointes
🗑
|
||||
| 65yo F with 20-year hx of osteoarthritis of the hands now has pain radiating down the distal anterior thigh, knee, medial leg, and food. Bony outgrowth of vertebrae compressing one of the spinal nerves is suspected. Nerve root in which intervertebral for | show 🗑
|
||||
| 38yo M with 3-year hx of T2DM. Taking an oral antihyperglycemic agent, he has tried diet and exercise. BMI 32. PE normal. Hb A1c is 10%. Physician recommends initiation of insulin injections. Responds, "I know that insulin would help control my blood suga | show 🗑
|
||||
| 24yo M with 2-day history of an itchy rash on his arms and legs. Returned from a camping trip in the woods 5 days ago. PE shows edematous, erythematous rash with linear vesicles. Cause is activation of which cell types? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 70yo M from china with poorly differentiated monoclonal carcinoma of the nasopharynx. DNA probes of neoplastic cells are most likely to detect genome of which virus? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 480
🗑
|
||||
| show | Carrier-mediated diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Scrotum
🗑
|
||||
| Study designed to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in improving cardiac output in patients with CHF. Sixty patients with CHF are recruited. Each assigned by coin toss to one of tw groups. Design? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Central blood volume DECREASED, ADH (vasopressin) INCREASED, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide INCREASED??
🗑
|
||||
| show | "It must be difficult for you to accept this diagnosis when you feel healthy."
🗑
|
||||
| show | Leukocyte adhesion and transmigration
🗑
|
||||
| show | X-rays of the sacroiliac joints
🗑
|
||||
| 17yo boy with 8-kg weight gain during the past year. No medical illness. BMI is 32. He asks, "Do you think that my weight gain is inherited from my father?" Appropriate response? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 52yo M neighbors have reported that he has been confused and not taking care of himself. 4-mo Hx of diarrhea. PE shows extreme muscle wasting, stomatitis, and a diffuse rash that is worse in sun-exposed areas. Diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 80yo F with suspected temporal arteritis (TA). ESR is 100, Pretest probability for TA is 50% in this patient. In the evaluation of TA, ESR has a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 60%. Based on the restults of the ESR testing, most appropriate next ste | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sequence surrounding the first two exons of the human beta-globin gene shown, with exons in bold. Translation start codon is underlined. A mutation from G-->A at position 355 is most likely to lead to beta-thalassemmia by which mechanism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 42yo M in ED because of a 10-day history of progressive fever, SOB, and nonproductive cough. 20-kg weight loss. Immigrated to USA from the Ivory Coast 4 years ago. T 38C. Lungs clear, CXr shows diffuse interstitial infiltrate. Silver stain obtained via br | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Trophoblastic tissue
🗑
|
||||
| show | Trypanosoma cruzi
🗑
|
||||
| 40yo F with mole on her back that has increased in size during past 4 months. PE shows raised irregular lesion with variegated black-tan pigmentation and ill-defiined margins. Pleomorphic, hyperchromatic cells within clear islands that tend to collapse. E | show 🗑
|
||||
| 42yo farmer has a 7-mm red scaly plaque on helical rim of left ear. Photomicrograph shown. Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 30yo F training for a marathon, running 20 mild/day. Fasting glucose is 60. After her glucose stores have been depleted, which organ, in addition to liver, releases glucose? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Not sure about this one. Looking for surfactant.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Diverticulum of the roof of the embryonic oral cavity
🗑
|
||||
| 28yo F G1P1 with 2-day history of a painful mass in her right breast. Delivered healthy female newborn 3 weeks ago, and been breast0-feeding since. T 37C, PE shows 3-cm tender mass surrounded by an area of erythema beneath the right areola. Causal org? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
🗑
|
||||
| 27yo F with fever, malaise, abdominal pain, and vaginal d/c for 4 days. LMP 5 days ago. Had ectopic 1 year ago. T 38.3 C, bilateral lower quadrant tenderness with rebound and guarding. Pelvic exam with cervical motion tenderness and bilateral adnexal tend | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Posterior pituitary gland
🗑
|
||||
| 21yo M in ED with excruciating anal pain for 4 hours. Exam shows 15-mm, blue tinged rounded mass at anal margin. Represents thrombus in a tributary of which blood vessel? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Immature lower esophageal sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| 37yo M with 4-day hx of diarrhea and abdominal pain, worse in past 24h, with watery-brown stools. Completed a 10-day course of amoxicillin for a sinus infection 5 days ago. Stool shows: Fecal fat negative; ova and parasites negative; Cx for infx negative; | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dissecting aneurysm
🗑
|
||||
| 1-week-old girl. screening showed a possible defect in fatty acid oxidation. PE normal. Next step? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 79yoM 30 minutes after LOC for 30 seconds. Alert, but dizzy. No urinary or fecal incontinence. Pulse 40/min, BP 92/56. PE shows no tongue biting. Lungs clear, Variable intensity S1. Oriented X3. ECG shows a third-degree atrioventricular block. Next step? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 55yo M with chronic bronchitis in ED after being unresponsive. Found bottles of albuterol, ampicillin, codeine, and theophylline bedside. T 37.2 C, p 112/min, respirations are 6/min, BP 95/60. Acute Rx should include? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 50yo man has persistent cough for 2 months. He has had a 5 kg (11 lb) weight loss. He is a farmer and on itraconazole 4 weeks for histoplasmosis from chicken coops. Medications: hydrochlorothiazide, enalapril, atenolol, omeprazole, and metoclopramide for | show 🗑
|
||||
| 20yo man with 6-hour difficulty breathing and vomiting. 10-year history of type 1 diabetes on insulin. Pulse 90, respirations 30 and deep, bp 90/60. Physical shows dehydration. Labs: Na+ 130, K+ 6.5, HCO3 5, glucose 500, pH 7.2, pCO2 25 mm Hg. Which compo | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | "Yes, it is."
🗑
|
||||
| 75yo man 2-year history of decreased force of urinary stream, urinate several times throughout night. BUN 55, Cr 5.0. Ultrasound shows bilateral hydronephrosis and dilated ureter. Mechanism of renal failure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 4yo boy two bacterial urinary tract infections past year. Physical exam normal. Radiologic studies show dilation of left ureter and renal pelvis, minimal left-sided renal function. Left nephrectomy done. Photo: dilated renal pelvis and ureter. Which is ca | show 🗑
|
||||
| 45yo man poorly controlled type 2 diabetes 1-month low-grade fever. Getting hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. T 37 C (98.6 F), pulse 72, bp 144/92. Physical subclavian catheter below right clavicle. Lungs clear. Cardiac exam no murmurs. Blood cult | show 🗑
|
||||
| 3yo boy sickle cell disease with fever and pain over left foot 3 weeks. Hematocrit stable. Leukocyte count 15,000 predominance of neutrophils. Which is most likely explanation for findings? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 45yo woman follow-up exam after 8 weeks tamoxifen therapy for estrogen- and progesterone-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. 50yo sister also hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Physical exam normal. Serum decreased concentrations of endoxifen, act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Alveolar macrophage
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tracheoesophageal atresia
🗑
|
||||
| 27yo woman 12-hour history of fever and abdominal pain. History of recurrent urinary tract infections. Temperature is 39 C (102.2 F). Physical exam tenderness of right flank. Abdominal xrays bilateral staghorn renal calculi. Urinalysis pH 8, many RBCs, WB | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Endometrial hyperplasia
🗑
|
||||
| 55yo woman 6-week history low energy, irritability, crying spells, difficulty falling asleep, wakes up during night, cannot focus. Taking lorazepam for 15y for generalized anxiety disorder. Taking estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal symptoms. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ten years after total gastrectomy, 60yo man difficulty walking. Diffuse spasticity in arms and legs, impaired proprioception in his feet, increased muscle stretch reflexes in arms and knees, absence of muscle stretch reflexes in ankles, bilateral extensor | show 🗑
|
||||
| 80yo man type 2 diabetes 2-month history severe constipation. Laxatives haven't relieved symptoms. Abdominal exam shows distention. Colonoscopy shows no abnormalities. Patient has dysfunction of which nerve? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sympathetic efferent activity increased, parasympathetic efferent activity decreased
🗑
|
||||
| 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 6-MP acted on by enzymes to make 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN). Efficacy and toxicity of 6-MP correlated with 6-TGN. 6-MP acted on by xanthine oxidase (XO), thiopurine methyltra | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ten human subjects given new oral drug to monitor drug effect and toxicity. Blood analyzed for human pharmacokinetics of drug for first time. Which trial type? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| 44yo woman follow-up after two Pap smears showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significant. Test shows viral E6 protein of human papillomavirus. This protein promotes cell growth and malignancy by causing cellular p53 protein degradation. This | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Wegener granulomatosis
🗑
|
||||
| 25yo woman 6-month history of joint pain poorly responsive to aspirin. Physical exam: bilateral swelling of proximal interphalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, and wrists; weakness of grasp. Small nodules palpated beneath skin around joints of f | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
🗑
|
||||
| show | Incomplete formation of pleuroperitoneal membrane
🗑
|
||||
| 65yo women progressive vulvar itching past 2 months; miconazole for yeast infections ineffective. Exam: atrophy of labia minora and thin, parchment-like skin over vulva and anus. Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Salicylate poisoning
🗑
|
||||
| show | First-degree burn
🗑
|
||||
| show | The junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium
🗑
|
||||
| 81yo woman massive pulmonary embolism from deep venous thrombosis. Platelet count 160,000. Appropriate pharmacotherapy is started. One week later, platelets 55,000. Thrombocytopenia most likely caused by a drug with which of the following mechanism of act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 22yo woman, g1p1, 2-day hx of fever, severe vaginal bleeding. four days ago delivered healthy male newborn. Temp 38.1 C (100.6 F). Pelvic exam: open cervix, heavy vaginal bleeding. US shows uterus with no placental tissue or thrombi. If operation required | show 🗑
|
||||
| 35yo woman abnormal Pap smear. Cervical biopsy shows microinvasive cervical carcinoma. Which microscopic features led to dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 17yo girl 1-day shortness of breath, weakness and muscle tenderness. Did triathlon previous day. BMI 19. Temperature 38 C (100.4 F), respirations 20, bp 150/90. Physical bilateral crackles lower lobes, muscle tenderness. Creatinine 4. Urinalysis 3+ protei | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Luteinizing hormone
🗑
|
||||
| 28yo woman wants to lose weight. She binges on high-carbohydrate foods 2 to 3 times a week, forcing herself to vomit after. BMI 23. Which physical finding is likely? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Temperature senisitivity
🗑
|
||||
| show | Decreased parathyroid hormone, decreased calcium
🗑
|
||||
| show | Albuterol
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhaled glue
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
🗑
|
||||
| 56yo woman with restrictive cardiomyopathy, proteinuria, renal failure. 35-year history of rheumatoid arthritis. Renal biopsy shows glomerular deposition of eosinophilic hyaline material. Congo red statin: birefringent pattern under polarized light. Struc | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
🗑
|
||||
| show | Family history of a similar illness
🗑
|
||||
| 18yo man Crohn disease 1-day hx severe abdominal pain and intermittent bloody diarrhea. Temperature 38 C (100.4 F), pulse 98, respirations 18. Physical exam: draining anal fisutla. Treatment with antibiotics and prednisone over next 3 weeks recovers. Mech | show 🗑
|
||||
| 34yo woman with pyelonephritis treated with bactericidal antibiotic 4 days no improvement. Antibiotic added that inhibits binding to 30S ribosome, blocking protein synthesis intracellularly. Antibiotic? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 3yo boy and his 5yo brother with recurrent hemarthroses. Both parents healthy, but mother with two younger brothers with same sx and maternal uncle who died at 8 of mild head trauma. Partial thromboplastin time is prolonged. Defect? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 6yo boy from Russia with unstable gait and incoordination for 2 weeks. Pale, bulky stools for 4 years and two episodes of bacterial pneumonia and chronic cough since age 1 year. 3%ile for height/weight. Neuro exam shows ataxia, no DTRs, loss of propriocep | show 🗑
|
||||
| 54yo F 1 week after sudden loss of vision in left eye, returned within 1 day. 3-month hx of progressive SOB with exertion. Echocardiography shows mass in the left atrium of the heart. Lesion is resected, photomicrograph of it is shown. Which describes the | show 🗑
|
||||
| 27yo primigravid woman at 34 weeks' with nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain for 12 hours. Everything's been normal. BP is now 164/102, and right upper quadrant tenderness. Labs show Hb 7.4, HCT 24%, Platelets 72k, Cr 1.2, total bili 2.3, AST 112, ALT | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nephrolithiasis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Metaplasia of mesenchymal cells to pneumocytes
🗑
|
||||
| show | TSH DECREASED, Free thyroxine DECREASED, Free triiodothyronine INCREASED
🗑
|
||||
| show | Autosomal Dominant
🗑
|
||||
| 45yo M with yellow skin. Drinks eight to ten 12-ounce cans of beers daily for 10 days. Liver is tender. Serum: total bili 5.9, Alk Phos 210, AST 110, ALT 69, gamma-glutamyltransferase 25 (n = 0-30). Liver biopsy will show? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 35yo M uses crack cocaine daily, with 2-hour Hx of substernal chest pain. T 37C, P 110/min, BP 160/100. Most appropriate next step? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 54yo F with hypertension and bilateral renal artery stenosis starts taking NSAIDS for back pain. Her Cr concentration increases from 1.0 to 5.0. Cause is due to inhibiting which? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 83yo M brought to ED after being found at home bedridden and confused. No meds. P 100/min, BP 85/50. BP unchanged after 1L IV saline. Pulmonary artery catheter shows: Cardiac output high, PCWP low, systemic vascular resistance low. Cause of hypotension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tissue: Testicle; Effect: estradiol production
🗑
|
||||
| 38yo F with 3-day hx of sore throat. Photo shown of throat. Which nerves is tested by saying "ah," elevating area at tip of the arrow? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased release of dopamine and norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| 62yo M with alcohol-induced liver disease develops ascites. Infection ruled out. Most appropriate diuretic, in addition to loops, is which? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | GI blood loss
🗑
|
||||
| show | "The two of you seem to have a very important relationship. Of course you may stay together."
🗑
|
||||
| show | Suppressing the early response of T lymphocytes to activation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Middle meningeal artery
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibition of phophodiesterase
🗑
|
||||
| 35yo M with recurrent sinusitis and bronchitis. Cardiac examination shows PMI at fourth intercostal space within the midclavicular line on the right. Hepatic margin is palpable on the left. Endoscopy shows nasal polyps. Biopsy shows thickened, ciliated, p | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Listeria monocytogenes
🗑
|
||||
| 42yo M with multiple lesions over his body. PE shows flaccid bullous erosions involving upper and lower extremities and torso. Biopsy shows extensive epidermal acantholysis resulting in the formation of intraepidermal blister. Intact basal layer of kerat | show 🗑
|
||||
| 50yo M 3 days after his first generalized tonic-clonic seizure. 1-month hx of frequent episodes of pins-and-needles sensation around the mouth, hands, and feet, involuntary contraction of muscles. Neuro exam shows mild, diffuse hyperreflexia. Which serum | show 🗑
|
||||
| 52yo F with hot flashes. Menses have been irregular for the past 6 months. Physiologic cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ectopic pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| 26yo F 5 weeks after birth of first child. Worries constantly that the infant is ill and wakes up to make sure he is well. Washes her hands 30 times per day. Worried about people braking into her house, checks lock 3-4 times a night. Not breast feeding. R | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hereditary spherocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| 62yo F in ED for 2-day hx of fever, abdominal tenderness, and painful urination. Agitated. T 38.8C, Labs show WBC 14k. Admitted to hospital, nurses note she has torn up four breakfast menus because she is confused. Cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ezetimibe
🗑
|
||||
| 48yo M with bronzing of his skin, weakness, and fatigue during the past 3 months. PE shows hepatomegaly, and small testes. Serum: AST INCREASED, ALT INCREASED, iron INCREASED, transferrrin sat INCREASED, ferritin INCREASED, testosterone DECREASED, LH DECR | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tumor necrosis factor
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibromuscular dysplasia
🗑
|
||||
| 55yo M with sepsis. Appears anxious and confused. Rx with vancomycin and ceftriaxone initiated in ED. T 39.8, P 132/min, BP 85/48. PE shows warm, flushed skin. No aedema. Administrer which solutions? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 36yo M undergoes elective liposuction under general anesthesia. Operation is terminated when patient develops hyperthermia, tachycardia, and marked muscle rigidity. MOA of drug that should be administered? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 15%
🗑
|
||||
| While lifting weights, 24yo M swelling in right inguinal region. Photograph shown of small intestine resected. Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 24yo with second-degre burn. Two weeks after, tissue shows increased fibroblast migration and proliferatoin, increased collagen and fibronectin, and decreased metalloproteinases. Caused by production of which? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increased ratio of oxygen consumption to ATP generation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gynecomastia
🗑
|
||||
| 16yo girl with 2-year hx of fainting; increased in frequency during past 6 months. BP 110/80 supine and 60/40 standing. Neuro exam normal. Plasma shows undetectable noreipinephrine and marked increase in dopamine concentration when standing. Deficiency of | show 🗑
|
||||
| HALLMARK: Peanut Farmer from China | show 🗑
|
||||
| 42yo M in ED for 5-hour hx of fever, chills, and severe pain and swelling of his left arm. Scratched his arm on a nail yesterday. Appears confused, T 40C, BP 71/38. Labs show Hb 14, HCt 42%, WBC 15K (35% PMNs, 40% bands, 25% lymphos), Platelets 50K, Serum | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Aortic stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibition of muscarinic receptors
🗑
|
||||
| Mouse embryos are produced with two pronuclei, both of same parental origin. When the pronuclei are maternal, produces have poorly developed extraembryonic structures. When both pronuclei are paternal, produces have poorly developed embryonic tissue. Whic | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Decreased plasma fibrinogen concentration
🗑
|
||||
| show | Calcified 80% stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| 65yo F with ovarian cancer treated with cyclophosphamide and other chemotherapeutic agents. Cyclophosphamide affects which target? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Leptin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| 45yo F intubated, mechanically ventilated with fungemia with Candida albicans. Rx with caspofungin is started. Feature of causal organism targeted by this drug? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Right subthalamic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pleural effusion
🗑
|
||||
| 68yo M with difficulty swallowing solids for 2 months. Hx of dilated cardiomyopathy. X-rays of esophagus w/ barium contrast show indentation and posterior displacement of the esophagus. Enlargement of what caused dysphagia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 21-hydroxylase
🗑
|
||||
| 60yo M in ED for sudden onset of acute abdominal pain and tenderness, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea 2 hours ago. He has a Hx of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. BP 99/50. Loss of bowel sounds. Surgery shows small intestine with dark purple- | show 🗑
|
||||
| 38yo M in ED 30 min after unable to stand upright. Lethargic, pulse 110/min, BP 90/62. PE shows dry mucosa and poor skin turgor. Midepigastric tenderness. Labs show: Serum: Na 143, K 3.2, Cl 101, HCO3 11 ABG: pH 7.28, Pco2 23, Po2 98 Acid-base status | show 🗑
|
||||
| 2mo boy given vaccine to convert T-independent antigens to T-dependent forms to enhance protection in young children. Which vaccine given? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A study conducted to assess effectiveness of injections of lidocaine into "trigger points" of pain symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Fifty patients randomly assigned - 0.9% saline only or saline plus lidocaine. Graph shows self-reported pain scores. | show 🗑
|
||||
| In a clinical study, a polymorphic marker with three alleles, 1, 2, and 3, is found to be tightly linked to the gene for polycystic kidney disease. Pedigree shown. If III, 1 is unaffected by this disease, patient is most likely carrier of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Poxvirus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydrochlorothiazide
🗑
|
||||
| 68yo M in for a hemiorrhaphy. Surgeon gives info of risks and benefits. Patient says that he understands what he has been told, and his family will be able to discuss later. In this patient, which combination of components fulfill the criteria for fully i | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | "using something twice daily can be difficult. I assume you are like most patients who miss at least 10% of treatments."
🗑
|
||||
| show | Collagen
🗑
|
||||
| 27yo F in ED 30 min after ejected through windshield during MVC. Unrestrained front-seat passenger. PE shws marked edema and tenderness of the jaw. Panorex x-ray of mouth shown. Which is injured? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 9
🗑
|
||||
| show | Absence of functional LDL receptors in hepatocytes
🗑
|
||||
| 35yo M with 4-day Hx of high-grade fever, sever muscle aches, malaise, loss of appetite, and a nonproductive cough. wife and kids had similar illness. Temp 39.2, PE normal. CBC and CXR normal. Causal virus replicates its genome within the cell's nucleus. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thyroid antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| 21yo M in ED 45 minutes after sustaining multiple injuries in a MVC. His BP is 90/50, PE shows diffuse abdominal tenderness. Dx with laceration of the spleen and undergoes splenectomy. Predisposed to infection with? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Residual volume UP, Arterial Po2 DOWN, Alveolar-arterial Po2 difference UP
🗑
|
||||
| show | Doxycycline
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cohort
🗑
|
||||
| 62yo F with recurrent pulmonary emboli comes for follow-up. PE normal. Labs show PT of 12 seconds. Warfarin begun. Which clotting factors is first to be decreased by 50% after initiation of Rx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 48yo F with 2-month hx of fatigue and intermittent headaches. BP 180/110, PE normal. Serum show a decreased potassium concentration and increased aldosterone. CT abdomen shows tumor on adrenal gland. Which additional findings supports aldosterone-secretin | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mannose-binding (type 1) fibria
🗑
|
||||
| 6yo boy with 3 systemic infections with Neisseria meningitidis over the past 2 years. Healthy otherwise. Which lab test is most likely abnormal? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 13yo girl 2/6, holosystolic murmur heard best over left fifth intercostal space adjacent to the sternum; it increases with inspiration. Abnormality of which valves? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Renal cell adenocarcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| 19yo M in MVC. Penetrating wound to right cerebral cortex with paralysis of the left lower extremity, fracture of right mid humerus with severing of the radial nerve, and a fracture of right tibia. After 10 weeks, DTR strongest in which locations? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 40yo F with 1-year hx of episodes of crampy abdominal pain, intermittent diarrhea, and rectal bleeding with passage of mucus. BMI 18. Abdomal exam: diffuse tenderness with no rebound. Sigmoidoscopy shows diffuse ulcers. Initial Rx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Schizoid
🗑
|
||||
| 30yo F has ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and diplopia. Serum shows autoantibody with affinity for acetylcholine receptor at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction. Which neoplasm? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 67%
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibrinous pericarditis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cholesterol synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| 70yo M with recent loss of mental function. Hx of weight loss. No drugs. VSS, not dehydrates. Mild anemia. Labs show Na 110, Cl 85, K 4.4, BUN 15, Cr 15; Plasma osmolality 250; Urine osmolality 750. Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 40yo M skin extremely sensitive to sunlight, which causes formation of vessicles and blisters on the skin which take weeks to heal. Diagnosed with disorder caused by increased synthesis of compounds in the skin that are subject to excitation by visible li | show 🗑
|
||||
| 60yo M with 6-month hx of fatigue. Four years ago, had subtotal gastrectomy after gunshot wound. Drinks 6-8 beers daily. PE shows paresthesias of both hands. Labs show: Hb 8, HCT 24%, MCV 115, WBC 5k, Platelets 165k, RBC Folic acid 500 (N = 125-600), B12 | show 🗑
|
||||
| 40yo M with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis has greater maximal expiratory flow rate than predicted. Which best explains this? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 20-year-old F secretary with 8yr history of intermittent headaches. Flashing lights in her right visual field, followed 20 minutes later by a unilateral throbbing headache accompanied by nausea and vomiting. occur around time of menses. Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 70 yr old african american women come to physician after 1 day onset of back pain. She's a part time cashier, low income, and smoked 1/2 a pack for 50 years and drinks 3 caffeinated beverages a day. X-ray shows vertebral compression fracture of L3 and she | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Maternal Origin of Chromosome 15
🗑
|
||||
| show | Use a Spanish-speaking interpreter to determine how much the patient wishes to know about diagnosis and treatment
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ondansetron
🗑
|
||||
| During an experimental study of oxygen consumption in the kidney, experiemtnal animals are ventillated with 100% nitrogen. Cells from which of the following areas of the kidney first show signs of anoxic injury? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 7-year-old girl 30 minutes after being hit in the mouth with basketball. Something stuck in her throat. Part of one tooth is missing. Lateral x-ray of the neck and chest is shown; arrow shows part of the tooth. Greatest risk for aspiration into which lobe | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Presence of an internal ribosome entry site
🗑
|
||||
| show | Low specificity
🗑
|
||||
| 69-year-old African American woman has moderate hypertension and type 2 DM. BMI 31. On hydrohlorothiazide. Labs show microalbuminuria. Most appropriate to add which drugs? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 36-year-old man with 2-hour history of pain and swelling of his right calf. No shortness of breath or chest pain. 18-hour airplane trip 4 hours ago. Noninvasive vascular studies show an occlusion of right femoral vein. Immediate therapy has which mechanis | show 🗑
|
||||
| 64 yr old alcoholic man with 1 day of confusion. Disoriented, disheveled. Dehydrated, jaundiced. and has spider angiomata over face and chest. Has flapping up and down of the hands when his arms are outstretched. Abdominal distention and bulging flanks. H | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1 year old boy is brought in. Has white, pale hair that hasn't changed color since birth. His eyes are blue. During opthalmic examination, the patient turns away from the flashlight and starts crying. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heteroplasmy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Decreased numbers of lamellar bodies
🗑
|
||||
| 16-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis with 3-week history of generalized weakness, numbness and tingling of her arms and legs, and difficulty walking. Not adhered to medications. Bilateral weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes in the upper and lowe | show 🗑
|
||||
| 48-year-old woman with 6-month hx of irregular menstrual periods and hot flashes. LMP 35 days ago, and had scant blood flow. Menses had previously occurred at regular 28-day cycles. Mild thinning of the vaginal tissue. Labs most likely to show which of th | show 🗑
|
||||
| 62-year-old M with unstable angina pectoris undergoes coronary catheterization. To visualize the anterior interventricular (left anterior descending) artery, the tip of the catheter would need to be placed into the orifice of which arteries? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pericarditis
🗑
|
||||
| 60-year-old M with a systolic murmur is a heard, which is loudest at the point indicated by the X in the diagram. Which cardiac abnormality is the cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 31-year-oldwoman with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Biopsy shows tumor cells express human papillomavirus, type 16 antigens. Which cell types plays a role in recognizing and killing these virus-infected tumor cells? | show 🗑
|
||||
| An 85-year-old woman is diagnosed with a fracture of the right femur and begins treatment with morphine by patient-controlled analgesic pump. Three days later, her respirations are 6/min. Physical examination shows pinpoint pupils. Her serum creatinine co | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Adenlyl cyclase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Impaired regulation of apoptosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pelvic parasympathetic nerves
🗑
|
||||
| show | Syrinx of the central region of the spinal cord from C-4 to T-5
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rupture of an intervertebral disc
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rotundum
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glycogen phosphorylase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cigarette smoking
🗑
|
||||
| show | Wegener granulomatosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fasting serum glucose concentration
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase in width
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dilated cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Follicular atrophy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Surgical removal of the suspected tumor
🗑
|
||||
| 50-year-old man with progressive bulge in his abdomen during past 6 months. No changes in bowel habits. Midline hernia above umbilicus that cannot be reduced be gently pushing on it. Operative repair initiated. Which extracellular matrix components requir | show 🗑
|
||||
| 50-year-old man with progressive bulge in his abdomen during past 6 months. No changes in bowel habits. Midline hernia above umbilicus that cannot be reduced be gently pushing on it. Operative repair initiated. Which extracellular matrix components requir | show 🗑
|
||||
| 53-year-old man in ED 1 hour after right-sided weakness. Right perioral droop. Babinski sign present on the right. CT scan of the head shows no abnormalities. One week later, a repeat CT scan shows a small area of hypodensity involving the left internal c | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Iron deficiency anemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Mesna
🗑
|
||||
| show | Autoantibodies against host cell basement membranes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluoxetine
🗑
|
||||
| 56-year-old man scheduled for physical therapy 3 days following right shoulder operation. Therapy to strengthen the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. Which should this patient perform against resistance? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell wall inhibitor used in invasive aspergillosis
🗑
|
||||
| Rx to avoid in Pregnancy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Truncus Arteriosus, TOF
🗑
|
||||
| show | Preductal Coarctation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Septal defects, PDA, Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| show | Transposition of great vessels
hypoglycemia after birth
clavical fractures and erb's palsy
🗑
|
||||
| show | Congenital Plyloric Stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| Thoracodorsal + pathology | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | trouble initiating arm abduction
🗑
|
||||
| Nerve runs with lateral thoracic artery | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nerve runs with deep brachial artery | show 🗑
|
||||
| Medial Nerve + pathology | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HLA-A3
🗑
|
||||
| PAIR Ankylosing spondylitis gene | show 🗑
|
||||
| Graves' Dz Gene | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | upper limb
lateral breast drains
🗑
|
||||
| What drains to Celiac lymph nodes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | colic --> inferior mesentary
🗑
|
||||
| What drains to the internal iliac | show 🗑
|
||||
| What drains to the superficial inguinal | show 🗑
|
||||
| What drains to superficial/deep plexus -> paraaortic lymph node | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | drains to L subclavian & internal jugular
🗑
|
||||
| show | drains to brachiocephalic vein
🗑
|
||||
| show | enhances NK cells
🗑
|
||||
| T cells receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| CD 21= | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | CD4
CD40L
🗑
|
||||
| show | CD19,20,21
CD40
MHCII
B7
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophage receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | MHC I
CD16 (binds IgG Fc)
CD 56***
🗑
|
||||
| show | CD55
CD59
🗑
|
||||
| IL1--> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fever
acute phase proteins
🗑
|
||||
| IL8--> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | IL8
Leukotriene B4
C5a
🗑
|
||||
| IL12--> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | IL 1,6,8,12
TNF a
🗑
|
||||
| show | septic shock
vascular leak, activate endothelium
acute phase pro
🗑
|
||||
| show | IL2
IFN y
🗑
|
||||
| Secreted by Th2 cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| IL5--> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | induce ribonucleases
block viral pro synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| show | increase in MHC I and II
🗑
|
||||
| show | all T cells to secrete
🗑
|
||||
| Bacteria with Ag variation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | released by virally infected cells
🗑
|
||||
| IFN y does what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase--> | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | primary opsinins
🗑
|
||||
| Preformed Ab= passive immunity conditions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fungal (histo, blasto)
syphilis (gummas)
leprosy
cat scratch fever (Bartonella henseliae)
sarcoid
crohn's
berylliosis
listeria
foreign bodies
wegeners (necrotizing granulomas)
Chronic Granulomatous Dz
🗑
|
||||
| show | IgE and histamine
15 min
🗑
|
||||
| MOA of hypersensitivity type 2 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Arthus reaction
Ag-complement-IgG complex
5-12 hr
🗑
|
||||
| show | T cell mediated
24-48 hr
🗑
|
||||
| B cell Conditions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | DiGeorges
Job's synd (FATED)
IL-12 r def
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
🗑
|
||||
| B & T cell Conditions | show 🗑
|
||||
| Phagocyte Conditions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | young child w tetany from hypoCa++ and candidiasis
🗑
|
||||
| show | young child with recurrent lung infxn and granulomatous lesions
🗑
|
||||
| Ectoderm missing in DiGeorges | show 🗑
|
||||
| Jobs Syndrome Symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | heart defects and repeat viral infxn, low T cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | no tyrosine kinase gene, low Ig of all classes
🗑
|
||||
| MOA in Hyper IgM | show 🗑
|
||||
| IgA Deficency Symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| CVID Symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | disseminated mycobacterial infxn
low IFN y
🗑
|
||||
| IL-2 r, ADA def, MHC II def= | show 🗑
|
||||
| SCID labs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | DNA repair enzyme defect
IgA def
🗑
|
||||
| show | X-recessive
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Infxn
Eczema
Recurrent pyogenic infxn
🗑
|
||||
| Leukocyte Adhesion Deicency Symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | partial albinism
pyogenic infxn
neuropathy
🗑
|
||||
| show | recurrent Neisseria infxn
🗑
|
||||
| EEG waveforms | show 🗑
|
||||
| SEM * 2 +_ mean | show 🗑
|
||||
| 3rd gen cephalosporins uses | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pseudomonas & gram +
🗑
|
||||
| show | binds PBP3
no penicillin allergy
🗑
|
||||
| show | serious gram - infxn
(aztreonam= aminoglycoside pretender)
🗑
|
||||
| show | enterococci
gram +/-
anareobes
(very broad)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Augmentin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cephalosporins
🗑
|
||||
| Symptoms of Haemophilus influenza | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PSEUDO
Pneumonia, Sepsis, External otitis, Uti, Drug use, diabetic Osteomyelitis
🗑
|
||||
| show | gut KEES PSS
Klebsiella, E coli, Serratia, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ecoli + Klebsiella
🗑
|
||||
| show | carries urease
cause staghorn calculi in renal
🗑
|
||||
| Symptoms of Klebsiella | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | H. pylori
Proteus
🗑
|
||||
| Cat scratch organism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pasturella Multocida transmission
🗑
|
||||
| show | Toxoplasmosis transmission
🗑
|
||||
| show | Yersinia enterocolitica transmission
🗑
|
||||
| Animal urine organism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Spirillum Minus transmission
🗑
|
||||
| Spirochetes organism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | shigella flexneri
C trachomonas D-K
🗑
|
||||
| show | Proteus
🗑
|
||||
| show | PUS
Pneumonia (atypical- mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), UTI, STDs
🗑
|
||||
| show | PEcK+ S. Saphrophyticus
#1= Ecoli
🗑
|
||||
| show | Metro, clindamycin, imipenem
🗑
|
||||
| show | GET GAP on the metro
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella, Anaerobes, h Pylori
🗑
|
||||
| show | from free rads in bacteria- damage DNA
🗑
|
||||
| H pylori Triple Therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | TCP
Cefapime
Aztreonam
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Polymixins
🗑
|
||||
| show | ViAO = De Sc Ep tion
Visual= Delirium
Auditory= Schizo
Olfactory= Epilepsy
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects of TCA | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | haloperidol, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine
NMS & tardive dyskinesia
🗑
|
||||
| Side Effects of Low Potency Neuroleptics | show 🗑
|
||||
| Patient on diphenhydramine & dementia wants sleep meds, which Rx | show 🗑
|
||||
| MOA of benzos and barbituates | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | venlafaxine, duloxetine, nefanizone
🗑
|
||||
| show | the MAOI PITS
Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Tranylcypromine, Selegiline
🗑
|
||||
| show | Buproprion
🗑
|
||||
| Tetracyclics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 AA
2 disulfram
3 naltrexone
4 topiramate
5 acamprosate
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coxiella Burnetti
neg Weil Felix
from tick feces and cattle placenta - spores aerosilized
sx w no rash
🗑
|
||||
| show | Big Bad Bed Bugs From Your Pet (Ella)
Bartonella spp, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia recurrentis, Brucella spp, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis/enterolytica, Pasturella multocida
🗑
|
||||
| Symptoms of Chlamydia Trachomatis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Symptoms of C. Pneumoniae & Psittaci | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | MCMCRT
Metro, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Rifampine, Tetracycline
🗑
|
||||
| show | Calcified Scar
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ghon focus + hilar nodes
🗑
|
||||
| show | cause pulm TB-like sx in COPD pt
🗑
|
||||
| show | cause cervical lymphadenitis in children
🗑
|
||||
| show | red-green color blindness
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|
||||
| Rifampin uses | show 🗑
|
||||
| Macrolide drugs | show 🗑
|
||||
| Fetal Erythropoiesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ascend. Aorta/Pulm trunk embryol structure
🗑
|
||||
| show | R ventr and smooth parts of L&R ventri embrol structure
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|
||||
| show | L ventricle embryo structure
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|
||||
| Pain radiating to back | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | urine discharge from umbilicus
vesicourachal diverticulum (=lesser)
🗑
|
||||
| Vitelline duct fails to close | show 🗑
|
||||
| Primitive atria becomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Organophosphate poison, anticholinesterase
🗑
|
||||
| show | No effect on cholinesterase, use Pralidoxime
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ipratropium (an antagonist)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cholinergic Agonist (problem is anti cholinergic s/e's
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anticholinergic (atropine)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dopamine (although clinically doesn't really work)
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|
||||
| 60 YO male. Has a hard time driving at night due to worsening vision and halos appearing around headlights. What is causing this? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A gymnast sustains an anterior shoulder dislocation. What nerve is injured? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A kid falls while skateboarding and injures his elbow. He can't feel the medial part of his palm. What nerve is injured? What "sign"? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A highschool athlete falls on his arm. Radiograph shows midshaft break of humerous. Which nerve / artery are at risk? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Immunocompromised, Neonates, Pregnant Women
🗑
|
||||
| What organisms are implicatd in subacute endocarditis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A woman is breast feeding develops swelling and redness over her right breast. Exam reveals a warm, fluctuant mass. What is this? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common aerobic skin flora? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 6 month old child is given HONEY for a cough and cold and becomes flaccid. What causes this? MOA? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Staph Aureus. Preformed toxin ingested (no infection)
🗑
|
||||
| Which complement is responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | T cells, No Thymus = DiGeorges (22q11, "CATCH-22")
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lack of NADPH oxidase = no respiratory Burst
🗑
|
||||
| Mother brings 2 y/o child w/ Hx of multiple viral, fungal infections and the child is HYPOCALCEMIC. Which Germ layer gives rise to the missing structure? (Endo, Ecto, Meso) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyper IgE aka Job Syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| show | C5-C9, (LatE)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type 2 = Ab against SELF antigens. Type 3 = Ab's against REAL antigens. Complexs get stuck places and cause problems.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anti dsDNA, Anti Smith. ANA is nonspecfic
🗑
|
||||
| After bone marrow transplant a patient suffers dermatitis, enteritis, and hepatitis? What is the condition? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Case Control
🗑
|
||||
| New glucose test arrives. You test it with a solution of 90mg of glucose. The test gives you the following readings: 54, 56, 55, 54, 53, 56, 55, 54. What is its presions and accuracy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A group of ppl who smoke and do not smoke are followed over 10 years. Every two years they check who develops cancer. What kind of study is this? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 99%
🗑
|
||||
| Prevalence of Varicella in Pop A is 2x that of Pop B. It has the same incidence in both populations. Why is the prevalence different? | show 🗑
|
||||
| State the diagnosis: Gm (-), OXIDASE (+), DIPLO COCCI | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | H. Pylori
🗑
|
||||
| 50 y/o male smoker with new cough and flu like symptoms. Gm stains shows nothing. SILVER STAINS shows rods. What is the diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 40 y/o female. Acute unilateral knee pain and bilateral BELLS PALSY. What organism? How is it transmitted? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 21 y/o male. 5 day hx for fever chills and enlarged painful knee. What organism? And what treatment? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | C. Diff
🗑
|
||||
| show | IgM
🗑
|
||||
| show | Klebsiella or anerobe
🗑
|
||||
| show | Regression
🗑
|
||||
| show | Repression
🗑
|
||||
| 60 y/o man admitted for chest pain, jumps out of bed and does 50 push ups to show he has not had a heart attack. What is the defense mechanism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sexual Abuse
🗑
|
||||
| 72 y/o patient is unable to recall 3 objects during mini mental status exam. When asked what he would do if he smelled smoke he says "yell fire". When asked what a table can chair have in common he says both are made of wood. Family reports he needs const | show 🗑
|
||||
| 72 y/o brought to the clinic by family. Strange behaviors in last week. Very agitated, NAPS frequently during the day, URINATES on self, poor appetite. Unable to focus during exam. Diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| You are on call and receive a call from a nurse asking to give sleep medication (diphenhramine) to an ELDERLY pt. with DEMENTIA. What do you do? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | What did she do after cutting her wrists? Call someone? Lie in a bathtub?
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dysthamia
🗑
|
||||
| show | This is still with in normal. But you can tx the insomnia and help with trazadone or something else
🗑
|
||||
| A patient on whom you want an MRI tells you they are claustophobic. What can you do? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Systamatic Desensitization
🗑
|
||||
| show | Normal Greif
🗑
|
||||
| show | Malingering or Facistious depenidng on 2nd gain
🗑
|
||||
| 40 YO female tells you she is in love with you. You refer her (which you should never do during USMLE) and she attempts suicide. What is this personality disorder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Splitting (Borderline )
🗑
|
||||
| 55 YO female wearing all black with a black feather boa and excess lipstick. What type of personality disorder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Narcissistic
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coccidioidomycocces
🗑
|
||||
| A 30 Yo female has "cauliflower" skin lesion. Tissue biopsy shows broad based budding yeast. What is this organism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| An HIV (+) pt with CSF showing 75/mm3 lymphocytes suddenly dies. Yeast is identified in the CSF. What is the diag? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A pt presents with a "rose garden scenario" (thorn prick with ulcers along lymphatic drainage). What is infection? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cryptosporidium (usually filtered from city water supply....) more severe in AIDS
🗑
|
||||
| show | Entamoeba Histolytica (not Giardia b/c Jaundice is present)
🗑
|
||||
| Pt returns after 2 wk vacation in Africa. Typical malaria presentation and recurrent fever. What is the mechanism for the cyclic? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Umbilical Vein (1 verin, 2 arteries)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Coarctation of the Aorta (adult type)
🗑
|
||||
| Describe blood flow through a PDA? Just for fun what keeps it open, what closes it? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | This is twin transfusion, mostly like due to monochorionic, mono amniotic pregnancy. Twin with lower hct will do better due to "sludging" in the one with high hct.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fusion of the maxillry process with the Medial Nasal Process. Cleft lip is mostly a aesthetic defect were cleft pallate has functional defiect as well
🗑
|
||||
| 23 YO male presents with one testicle. what is he at risk for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | via Inguinal canal to para-aortic LN's
🗑
|
||||
| show | Androgen Insensitive (46XY)
🗑
|
||||
| While on an ACE-i a pts develops a cough. Why? what is a replacement? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 40 yo male on lipid lower meds. Develops rash, puritis and diarrhea. What drug? Is this a allergic rxn? what mediates this response? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is mechanism of action of Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| An abdominal Aortic aneurysm is most likley due to? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Dissecting Aorta
🗑
|
||||
| During a high school football game a young athlete collapses and dies immediately. What is the condition? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mitral Stenosis/ Regurg. And Left sided S3 / S4
🗑
|
||||
| show | Aortic Stenosis (probabley due to calcified aorta)
🗑
|
||||
| IV drug user presents with Chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea. What is the condition? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pt brought to ER after MVA presents with chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea. What is the condition? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PE
🗑
|
||||
| A young girl with a congeital valve dz is given penicillin prophylactically. In the ER bacterial endocarditis is diag. What is next? | show 🗑
|
||||
| An adult pt with hx of HTN presents with sudden sharp, tearing pain, radiating to his back. What do you see on CXR? | show 🗑
|
||||
| On auscultation of a patient you hear a pansystolic murmur at the apex with radiation to the axilla. Cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Compression of IVC, dont lie on your back.
🗑
|
||||
| show | HPV - 16 / 18
🗑
|
||||
| show | B Cells - EBV mononucleosis (+) monospot. Cause of (-) monospot mononucleosis? CMV
🗑
|
||||
| How does rabies travel through the CNS to cause fatal encephalitis and seizures? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bullet Shaped
🗑
|
||||
| An adolescent presents with cough and rust colored sputum. What does gm stain show? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cryptococcus Neoformans
🗑
|
||||
| An older patient has blood in his urine and renal stones. What organism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | E-Coli (UTI)
🗑
|
||||
| Hemidesmisomes, cadherin, integrin, ICAM-1. Which joins only cells of teh same type and does not attach to the basement membrane? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epipseal Plate
🗑
|
||||
| A football player was kick in the legs and suffered a damaged medial meniscus. What else is likely to have been damaged? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A man presents with pain and swelling of the knees, subcutaneous nodules around the joints and achilles tendon, equisite pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint of his right big toe. Biopsy reveals needle like crystals. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | NSAID, Colchicine
🗑
|
||||
| A patient has difficulty swallowing, distal cyanosis in cold temp, anti-centromere antibodies. What other S/S will you see? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A patient presents with photosensitivity, arthritis, renal disease and recurrent oral ulcers. She is taking Primaquine and NSAIDS. What should be checked 2/yr? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ANA - SLE
🗑
|
||||
| A CT scan of the chest shows bilateral hilar LAD. What is the diagnosis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A 75 yo male presents with acute knee pain and swelling. X ray reveals erosion of the joint space and calcium deposits in the menisci. What is Diag? What would be found on FNA of joint? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Prolactinoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Most likley asymptomatic or defieciency in Pituitary Hormones
🗑
|
||||
| show | FSH, LH, ACTH, GH, prolactin, TSH
🗑
|
||||
| Which hormones share a common alpha unit? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A young woman is found to have short stature and shortened 4th and 5th metacarpals. What endocrine disorder is this? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Low TSH High T3,T4
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hypothyroid / Hasimotos most likely (High TSH low T3/4)
🗑
|
||||
| show | ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| A very tan child with pale mother comes in and is found to be hypotensive. What is the condition? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 28 YO male with normal well managed IDDM comes in with DKA hae had recently been taking OTC cold medicine. What caused his DKA? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Non enzymatically (slowly do to glucose build up)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the sources of Carbon for Purine formation? For pyrimidine? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Causes Thymine Dimers to form
🗑
|
||||
| show | AUG - methione
🗑
|
||||
| show | Spliced (remove introns), Poly A tail, and 5' Cap
🗑
|
||||
| Two pts have the same mutation on chromosome 15. but they have different phenotypic expressions. One has a mutation from the father the other from the mother. What is this an example of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (stein-leventhaul)
🗑
|
||||
| What type of cancer are patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome at risk for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | To protect Uterus / endometrium from unregulated hyperplasia / cancer
🗑
|
||||
| What circumstance would cause an elevated LH? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A pregnant woman with previous C section is at increased risk for what pregnancy complications? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hydatifrom Mole, increased beta HCG
🗑
|
||||
| What substance is elevated in hydatifrom moles? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 15 YO pt who normally comes in with her parents presents alone. She states she is sexually active but knows she is not pregnant because she has never menstrated. What should you tell her? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 23 YO female is on rifampin for TB and OCP. She gets pregnant. Why? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the best option of birth control of mental retarted pts? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A 58 YO post menopausal women is on Tamoxifen. What is she at risk of acquiring? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Leydig - Secrete; Sertoli - release of ABG = holds testosterone in place
🗑
|
||||
| A 55 y/o man undergoing tx for BPH has increased testosterone and decreased DHT as well as gynecomastia and edema. What medication is he on? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Para Aorotic Lymph Nodes
🗑
|
||||
| show | Clatherin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Located on non dominate parietal Lobe (usually right)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ipsilateral UMN lesion below the lesion | Ipsilateral loss of tactile, vibration and proprioception below lesion | Contralateral pain and temp loss below lesion | ipsilateral all sension for a few levels above lesion | LMN at level of lesion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Caudate -> Huntingtons
🗑
|
||||
| A male presents with involuntary flailing of one arm. Where is the lesion? | show 🗑
|
||||
| 28 y/o chemist presents with MPTP exposure. What neurotransmitter is depleted? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A patient cannot abduct her left eye on lateral gaze but convergence is normal. She also has difficulty smiling. Where in the CNS is the lesion? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | MMA, and temporal bone
🗑
|
||||
| show | Subdural hematoma bridging veins
🗑
|
||||
| A woman involved in a accident cannot turn her head to the left and has a right shoulder droop. What is damaged? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | defects in CN 3, 4, 6
🗑
|
||||
| A pt has a leftward deviation of the tongue on protusion and has a right sided spastic paralysis. Where is the lesion? | show 🗑
|
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