AP Psych Ch 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Anecdotal evidence | Personal stories about specific incidents
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| Case study | In-depth investigation of individual subject
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| Confounding of variables | Condition that exists whenever two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their independent effects
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| Control group | Subjects in study who do not receive treatment given to experimental group
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| Correlation | Extent to which two variables are related to each other
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| Correlation coefficient | Numerical index of degree of relationship between two variable
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| Data collection techniques | Procedures for making empirical observation and measurements
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| Dependent variable | In experiment, variable thought to be affected by manipulation of independent variable
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| Descriptive statistics | Statistics used to organize / describe data
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| Double-blind procedure | Research strategy in which neither subjects nor experiments know which subjects are in experimental and control groups
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| Experiment | Research method in which investigator manipulates variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occurred in a second variable as a result
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| Experimental group | The subjects in a study who receive some certain treatment in regard on the independent variable
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| Experimenter bias | A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome influence the result
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| Extraneous variables | Any variables other than the independent variable that seem to influence the dependent variable in a specific study
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| Hypothesis | A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
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| Independent variable | In an experiment, a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable
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| Inferential statistics | Statistics used to interpret data / draw conclusions
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| Journal | A periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a narrowly defined area of inquiry
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| Mean | Arithmetic average
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| Median | Score in center
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| Mode | Score occurring most often
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| Naturalistic observation | Descriptive research method in which researcher engages in careful, usually prolonged, observation of behavior without intervening directly with subjects
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| Operational definition | Definition that describes actions / operations that will be made to measure / control a variable
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| Placebo effects | Fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty / false / ineffectual treatment
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| Population | Larger collection of animal or people from which a sample is drawn and that researchers want to generalize about
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| Random assignment | Constitution of groups in a study such that all subjects have an equal chance of being assiged
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| Replication | Repetition of study to see whether the earlier results are replicated
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| Research methods | Different approaches to the manipulation and control of variables in empirical studies
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| Response set | A tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions
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| Sample / Participants | The collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study
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| Sampling bias | A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn
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| Social desirability bias | A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself
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| Standard deviation | An index of amount of variability in set of data
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| Statistical significance | The condition that exists when probability that observed findings are due to chance are very low
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| Statistics | Use of math to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical data
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| Subjects | Persons / animals whose behavior is systematically observed in study
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| Survey | A descriptive research method in which researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of subjects' behavior
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| Theory | System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
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| Variability | Extent to which the stories in a data set tend to vary from each other and from the mean
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| Variables | Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics , behaviors controlled / observed in study.
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| Correlational Studies | Research method which systematically observes two variables whether it has association between them
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| Meta-analysis | Analyzing results of several previous studies
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| T-Test |
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