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AP Psych Ch 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anecdotal evidence | Personal stories about specific incidents |
| Case study | In-depth investigation of individual subject |
| Confounding of variables | Condition that exists whenever two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their independent effects |
| Control group | Subjects in study who do not receive treatment given to experimental group |
| Correlation | Extent to which two variables are related to each other |
| Correlation coefficient | Numerical index of degree of relationship between two variable |
| Data collection techniques | Procedures for making empirical observation and measurements |
| Dependent variable | In experiment, variable thought to be affected by manipulation of independent variable |
| Descriptive statistics | Statistics used to organize / describe data |
| Double-blind procedure | Research strategy in which neither subjects nor experiments know which subjects are in experimental and control groups |
| Experiment | Research method in which investigator manipulates variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occurred in a second variable as a result |
| Experimental group | The subjects in a study who receive some certain treatment in regard on the independent variable |
| Experimenter bias | A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome influence the result |
| Extraneous variables | Any variables other than the independent variable that seem to influence the dependent variable in a specific study |
| Hypothesis | A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables |
| Independent variable | In an experiment, a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable |
| Inferential statistics | Statistics used to interpret data / draw conclusions |
| Journal | A periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a narrowly defined area of inquiry |
| Mean | Arithmetic average |
| Median | Score in center |
| Mode | Score occurring most often |
| Naturalistic observation | Descriptive research method in which researcher engages in careful, usually prolonged, observation of behavior without intervening directly with subjects |
| Operational definition | Definition that describes actions / operations that will be made to measure / control a variable |
| Placebo effects | Fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty / false / ineffectual treatment |
| Population | Larger collection of animal or people from which a sample is drawn and that researchers want to generalize about |
| Random assignment | Constitution of groups in a study such that all subjects have an equal chance of being assiged |
| Replication | Repetition of study to see whether the earlier results are replicated |
| Research methods | Different approaches to the manipulation and control of variables in empirical studies |
| Response set | A tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions |
| Sample / Participants | The collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study |
| Sampling bias | A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn |
| Social desirability bias | A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself |
| Standard deviation | An index of amount of variability in set of data |
| Statistical significance | The condition that exists when probability that observed findings are due to chance are very low |
| Statistics | Use of math to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical data |
| Subjects | Persons / animals whose behavior is systematically observed in study |
| Survey | A descriptive research method in which researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of subjects' behavior |
| Theory | System of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations |
| Variability | Extent to which the stories in a data set tend to vary from each other and from the mean |
| Variables | Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics , behaviors controlled / observed in study. |
| Correlational Studies | Research method which systematically observes two variables whether it has association between them |
| Meta-analysis | Analyzing results of several previous studies |
| T-Test |
Created by:
uriel_magana
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