Ch 40, 41, 51, 52, 59
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| What are the A1c levels? | below 5% is non diabetic
5.7%-6.4% is pre diabetic
6.5% or higher is diabetes
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| What is the normal fasting glucose? | 70-105 mg/mL
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| What are the different types of insulin? | Rapid, Short, Intermediate, Long
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| Signs of hyperglycemia | polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia, fatigue, weakness, vision changes, weight loss,
nausea/vomitting, abdominal pain
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| DKA value | Glucose > 300 mg/dL (greater than 300)
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| what is the only oral anti diabetic pregnant woman can take? | Metformin
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| how does insulin treat hyperkalemia? | insulin moves potassium into cells
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| adverse effects of insulin? | hypoglycemia, lipohypertrophy, hypokalemia
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| Signs of Hypoglycemia | cold & clammy need some candy. Headache, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoresis, shakiness
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| Metabolic acidosis antidote? | Sodium Bicarbonate
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| What are the oral anti diabetic categories? | Sulfonylureas, Biguanides, Alpha glucoside Inhibitors, Thiazolidinediones, Meglitinides, Gliptins, Incretin Modifiers
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| Which oral anti diabetic category is 2nd line? | Sulfonylureas--- Glipdizide
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| Which oral anti diabetic category is 1st line? | Biguanides -- Metformin
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| What can sulfonylureas cause? | Disulferium reaction, Nausea, Vomiting, Flushed face, tachycardia
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| Which oral anti diabetic do you withhold 48 hours before & after contrast media? | Biguanides -- Metformin
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| What deficiencies does metformin cause? | Vitmain B12 and folic acid
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| What is the MOA of metformin? | • Inhibits glucose production in the liver
• Reduce absorption of glucose in the intestine
• Increases glucose uptake
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| What clients is metformin contraindicated in and why? | Clients with sever shock, infection, and hypoxia.
Risk for lactic acidosis
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| How do you administer nasal drops? | Administer nose drops lying on the side with the head in a low position which helps spread the nasal drops, allows the medication to be more effective and prevents swallowing the medication
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| What teaching do you provide to a client on a beclomethasone inhaler? | Rinse you're mouth!
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| What are methylxanthines? Side effects? | Amniophylline & Theophylline
Dysrrythmias, Tachycardia, HTN, Seizures, Cardiac arrest
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| Use of Magnesium Sulfate in asthma | Relax Bronchial Smooth Muscles & Increase histamine release
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| What are glucocorticoids? | Anti inflammatory steroid.
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| Nursing considerations & Side effects of Inhaled Glucocorticoids? | May take 1-4wks to reach full effect
Rinse & brush after using!
Can cause difficulty speaking
Hoarseness
Oral candidiasis
Side Effect: Affect height in children
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| Nursing considerations & Side effects of PO Glucocorticoids? | Prednisone / presnisalone
Use lowest dose for shortest amount of time
Can cause systemic effects
• Tachycardia, insomnia, hyperglycemia, bone marrow suppression
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| Difference between H1 antagonist 1st & 2nd generation | 2nd generation has less sedative effects
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| Adverse effects of antihistamines | Drowsy, dizzy, fatigue, dry mouth, blurry vision, N/V, restlessness, confusion
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| Antitussive | Suppress Cough
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| Expectorants | Increase bronchial secretion & enhance the expulsion of mucus
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| Mucolytics | Clears mucus form airways, lungs, bronchi, & trachea
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| Decongestants | Relieve Nasal Congestion
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| What do you want to take 15 minutes before exercise or allergen exposure | Cromolyn or Nedocromil
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| Theophylline Levels? | 10-20 mcg/mL
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| What is the onset, peak, & duration of rapid insulins? | Onset - 15 minutes
Peak - 1 hour
Duration - 3 hours
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| What is the onset, peak, & duration of short insulins? | Onset - 30 minutes
Peak - 2 hours
Duration - 8 hours
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| What is the onset, peak, & duration of Intermediate insulins? | Onset - 2 hours
Peak - 8 hours
Duration - 16 hours
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| What is the onset, peak, & duration of long insulins? | Onset - 2 hour
Peak - no
Duration - 24 hours
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| SE/AE of Sulfonylureas |
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| SE/AE of Biguanides |
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| SE/AE of Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors |
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| SE/AE of thiazolidinediones |
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| SE/AE of meglitinides |
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| What meds are given for hypothyroidism? | Levothyroxine
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| What meds are given for Hyperthyroidism? | PTU & Methimazole
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| What do you give for insulin overdose? | Glucagon or D50
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| If allergic to sulfa, what can't patients take? | sulfonylureas
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| Aspirin | Decrease platelet aggregation
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| Nitroglycerin | Vasodilator
increase blood flow to heart
flushed feeling
take 3x every 5 minutes
sublingual
GLOVES
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| Morphine Sulfate | Opioid for pain management
Vasodilator
reduces heart workload
cause respiratory depression
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| Atropine Sulfate | Anticholinergic
treat bradycardia & forms of heart block
Pre op Med
ppl complain of dry mouth
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| Bethanacol Antidote? | Atropine
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| Adenosine | for FAST HR
give fast with quick saline followed
helps restart the heart
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| Dilitiazem | Anti-arrhythmic
calcium channel blocker
2nd line agent
monitor the heart
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| AMiodarone | anti-arrhythmic
BBW for death
casue pulmoary edema, dyspnea, cough for 6+ months
can affect thyroid
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| Lidocaine | for arrhythmias
mix with pi for suturing
sodium channel blocker
SE- drowsy, confusion, seizures
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| Magnesium Sulfate | for arrhythmias
used to lower BP & relax uterus
bronchodilator
given continuous IV - minimum of an hr
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| Antidote for dig toxicity | digiband
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| what do you monitor with magnesium sulfate patients? | new arrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR
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| Epinephrine | First line drug
anti arrhythmic
vasoconstrictor
catecholamine
1 time or continuous IV
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| Vasopressin | Treats ventricular dysrrhythmias
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| Sodium Bicarb | treat metabolic acidosis
Prefilled infant syringe
1-1 solution peds & adults
make sure to ventilate pt appropiately
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| Mannitol | used for head trauma pts
decreases ICP
Use filtered syringe
watch for euro status & lab values
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| Naloxone | opioid antidote
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| Benzo antidote? | Flumazenil
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| activated charcoal | PO
prevents absorption of toxins in body
for non corrosive, non irritating toxins
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| Difference between Dopamine & dobuamine | Dobutamine incrase contractility of the myocardium (Positive chnotropic)
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| In low doses, what does dopamine do? | Dilate Renal Arteries
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| What can epinephrine treat? | anaphylactic shock
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| Albuterol | bronchodilator
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| First line for asthma attack? | albuterol
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| Albuterol activates what receptor? | Beta 2
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| Dipenhydramine HCL | Antihistamine
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| what does D50 & glucagon treat? | Hypoglycemia
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| Labetalol is for what crisis | for HTN cris
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| Labetalol is what kind of blocker? | Mixed -- alpha & beta
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| Nitroprusside | very powerfil vasodilator
given IV
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| Is nitroprusside light sensitive? | YES
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| If on nitroprusside for more than 3 days what does the body convert it too? | Cyanide
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| Furosemide | loop diuretic
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| what is Somatropin? What do you monitor? | given for GH deficiency
Height
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| when do you give somatropin? | At night!
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| if you have to give hyperthyroidism meds in pregnancy, which one do you give? | PTU
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| When do you take PTU & Methimazole? | Empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast
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| avoid iodine with what meds? | PTU & Methimazole
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| what is radioactive iodine for? | hyperthyroidism =, thyroid cancer, imaging
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| SE of radioactive iodine | Radiation sickness, bone marrow depression, Hypothyroidism
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| Radioactive precautions? | Limit contact to 30 min
sleep separate
wash sheets separate
separate utensil
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| Patients should do what after taking calitrol? | sit upright for 30 minutes
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| Most common cause of common cold? | Rhino Virus
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| What are H1 antagonist used for? | allergies, colds, insomnia, sickness
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| Antidote for Tylenol? | Mucomyst
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| 2nd line defense in acute asthma attack? | Epinephrine
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