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Test 1
Ch 40, 41, 51, 52, 59
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the A1c levels? | below 5% is non diabetic 5.7%-6.4% is pre diabetic 6.5% or higher is diabetes |
| What is the normal fasting glucose? | 70-105 mg/mL |
| What are the different types of insulin? | Rapid, Short, Intermediate, Long |
| Signs of hyperglycemia | polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia, fatigue, weakness, vision changes, weight loss, nausea/vomitting, abdominal pain |
| DKA value | Glucose > 300 mg/dL (greater than 300) |
| what is the only oral anti diabetic pregnant woman can take? | Metformin |
| how does insulin treat hyperkalemia? | insulin moves potassium into cells |
| adverse effects of insulin? | hypoglycemia, lipohypertrophy, hypokalemia |
| Signs of Hypoglycemia | cold & clammy need some candy. Headache, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoresis, shakiness |
| Metabolic acidosis antidote? | Sodium Bicarbonate |
| What are the oral anti diabetic categories? | Sulfonylureas, Biguanides, Alpha glucoside Inhibitors, Thiazolidinediones, Meglitinides, Gliptins, Incretin Modifiers |
| Which oral anti diabetic category is 2nd line? | Sulfonylureas--- Glipdizide |
| Which oral anti diabetic category is 1st line? | Biguanides -- Metformin |
| What can sulfonylureas cause? | Disulferium reaction, Nausea, Vomiting, Flushed face, tachycardia |
| Which oral anti diabetic do you withhold 48 hours before & after contrast media? | Biguanides -- Metformin |
| What deficiencies does metformin cause? | Vitmain B12 and folic acid |
| What is the MOA of metformin? | • Inhibits glucose production in the liver • Reduce absorption of glucose in the intestine • Increases glucose uptake |
| What clients is metformin contraindicated in and why? | Clients with sever shock, infection, and hypoxia. Risk for lactic acidosis |
| How do you administer nasal drops? | Administer nose drops lying on the side with the head in a low position which helps spread the nasal drops, allows the medication to be more effective and prevents swallowing the medication |
| What teaching do you provide to a client on a beclomethasone inhaler? | Rinse you're mouth! |
| What are methylxanthines? Side effects? | Amniophylline & Theophylline Dysrrythmias, Tachycardia, HTN, Seizures, Cardiac arrest |
| Use of Magnesium Sulfate in asthma | Relax Bronchial Smooth Muscles & Increase histamine release |
| What are glucocorticoids? | Anti inflammatory steroid. |
| Nursing considerations & Side effects of Inhaled Glucocorticoids? | May take 1-4wks to reach full effect Rinse & brush after using! Can cause difficulty speaking Hoarseness Oral candidiasis Side Effect: Affect height in children |
| Nursing considerations & Side effects of PO Glucocorticoids? | Prednisone / presnisalone Use lowest dose for shortest amount of time Can cause systemic effects • Tachycardia, insomnia, hyperglycemia, bone marrow suppression |
| Difference between H1 antagonist 1st & 2nd generation | 2nd generation has less sedative effects |
| Adverse effects of antihistamines | Drowsy, dizzy, fatigue, dry mouth, blurry vision, N/V, restlessness, confusion |
| Antitussive | Suppress Cough |
| Expectorants | Increase bronchial secretion & enhance the expulsion of mucus |
| Mucolytics | Clears mucus form airways, lungs, bronchi, & trachea |
| Decongestants | Relieve Nasal Congestion |
| What do you want to take 15 minutes before exercise or allergen exposure | Cromolyn or Nedocromil |
| Theophylline Levels? | 10-20 mcg/mL |
| What is the onset, peak, & duration of rapid insulins? | Onset - 15 minutes Peak - 1 hour Duration - 3 hours |
| What is the onset, peak, & duration of short insulins? | Onset - 30 minutes Peak - 2 hours Duration - 8 hours |
| What is the onset, peak, & duration of Intermediate insulins? | Onset - 2 hours Peak - 8 hours Duration - 16 hours |
| What is the onset, peak, & duration of long insulins? | Onset - 2 hour Peak - no Duration - 24 hours |
| SE/AE of Sulfonylureas | |
| SE/AE of Biguanides | |
| SE/AE of Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors | |
| SE/AE of thiazolidinediones | |
| SE/AE of meglitinides | |
| What meds are given for hypothyroidism? | Levothyroxine |
| What meds are given for Hyperthyroidism? | PTU & Methimazole |
| What do you give for insulin overdose? | Glucagon or D50 |
| If allergic to sulfa, what can't patients take? | sulfonylureas |
| Aspirin | Decrease platelet aggregation |
| Nitroglycerin | Vasodilator increase blood flow to heart flushed feeling take 3x every 5 minutes sublingual GLOVES |
| Morphine Sulfate | Opioid for pain management Vasodilator reduces heart workload cause respiratory depression |
| Atropine Sulfate | Anticholinergic treat bradycardia & forms of heart block Pre op Med ppl complain of dry mouth |
| Bethanacol Antidote? | Atropine |
| Adenosine | for FAST HR give fast with quick saline followed helps restart the heart |
| Dilitiazem | Anti-arrhythmic calcium channel blocker 2nd line agent monitor the heart |
| AMiodarone | anti-arrhythmic BBW for death casue pulmoary edema, dyspnea, cough for 6+ months can affect thyroid |
| Lidocaine | for arrhythmias mix with pi for suturing sodium channel blocker SE- drowsy, confusion, seizures |
| Magnesium Sulfate | for arrhythmias used to lower BP & relax uterus bronchodilator given continuous IV - minimum of an hr |
| Antidote for dig toxicity | digiband |
| what do you monitor with magnesium sulfate patients? | new arrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR |
| Epinephrine | First line drug anti arrhythmic vasoconstrictor catecholamine 1 time or continuous IV |
| Vasopressin | Treats ventricular dysrrhythmias |
| Sodium Bicarb | treat metabolic acidosis Prefilled infant syringe 1-1 solution peds & adults make sure to ventilate pt appropiately |
| Mannitol | used for head trauma pts decreases ICP Use filtered syringe watch for euro status & lab values |
| Naloxone | opioid antidote |
| Benzo antidote? | Flumazenil |
| activated charcoal | PO prevents absorption of toxins in body for non corrosive, non irritating toxins |
| Difference between Dopamine & dobuamine | Dobutamine incrase contractility of the myocardium (Positive chnotropic) |
| In low doses, what does dopamine do? | Dilate Renal Arteries |
| What can epinephrine treat? | anaphylactic shock |
| Albuterol | bronchodilator |
| First line for asthma attack? | albuterol |
| Albuterol activates what receptor? | Beta 2 |
| Dipenhydramine HCL | Antihistamine |
| what does D50 & glucagon treat? | Hypoglycemia |
| Labetalol is for what crisis | for HTN cris |
| Labetalol is what kind of blocker? | Mixed -- alpha & beta |
| Nitroprusside | very powerfil vasodilator given IV |
| Is nitroprusside light sensitive? | YES |
| If on nitroprusside for more than 3 days what does the body convert it too? | Cyanide |
| Furosemide | loop diuretic |
| what is Somatropin? What do you monitor? | given for GH deficiency Height |
| when do you give somatropin? | At night! |
| if you have to give hyperthyroidism meds in pregnancy, which one do you give? | PTU |
| When do you take PTU & Methimazole? | Empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast |
| avoid iodine with what meds? | PTU & Methimazole |
| what is radioactive iodine for? | hyperthyroidism =, thyroid cancer, imaging |
| SE of radioactive iodine | Radiation sickness, bone marrow depression, Hypothyroidism |
| Radioactive precautions? | Limit contact to 30 min sleep separate wash sheets separate separate utensil |
| Patients should do what after taking calitrol? | sit upright for 30 minutes |
| Most common cause of common cold? | Rhino Virus |
| What are H1 antagonist used for? | allergies, colds, insomnia, sickness |
| Antidote for Tylenol? | Mucomyst |
| 2nd line defense in acute asthma attack? | Epinephrine |
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