Ch 3
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| Roentgen oassed electrricy through | Crookes Tube
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| He covered the Crookes tube with a shield of | Black cardboard
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| Wonder Rays | resulted in acute biologic damage to some patients and pioneer radiation workers.
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| Somatic Damage | biologic damage to the body of the exposed individual caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.
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| First american radiation Fatality | Clarence Dally
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| Many radiologists and dentists developed a reddening of the skin | radiodermatitis
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| what was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation?(unit used for measuring radiaiton exposure from 1900-1930) | skin erythema dose
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| skin erythema | the receieved quantity of radiation that causes diffuse redness over an area of skin after irradiation
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| amount of absorbed radiation corresponds roughly to the modern dose of | several gray(several hundred rads)
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| short term somatic effects | appeared within minutes, hrs, days, weeks of the time of radiation exposure, were believed to be preventable if doses to radiation workers were limited.(aka acute or early effects)
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| tolerance dose | radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be continuously subjected without any apparent harmful acute effects
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| threshold dose | a dose of radiation below which an individual has a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic damage
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| short term somatic EFFECTS | nausea, intestinal disorders,fatigue, feverdiffused redness of the skin,loss of hair, blood disorders,shedding of the skin
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| long term or late somatic EFFECTS | cancer, embryonic effects (birth defects)formation of cataracts
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| genetic EFFECTS | biologic effects of ionizing radiation on generations yet unborn
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| maximum permissible dose (MPD) | the largest dose of ionizing radiation that an occupationally exposed person
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| MPD was expressed in | REM (radiation-equivalent man)
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| effective dose | based on the energy depostied in biologic tissue by ionizing radiation
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| effective dose is measured in | sievert (Sv)
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| absorbed dose | amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by the irradiated object
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| amount of energy absorbed by a structure depends on | the atomic number,mass density of the tissue,the energy of the incident photon
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| Quality Factor (Q) | adjustment multiplier that was used in calculation of dose equivalence to specify the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage
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| linear energy transfer | amount of energy transferred on avg by incident radiation to an object
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| To calculate equivalent dose | EqD = D x Wr
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| To calculate effective dose | EfD = D x Wr x Wt
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| Tissue weighting factor (Wt) is used to do what? | account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradiation
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| Which radiation quantities accounts for some biologic tissues being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues | Effective Dose
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