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Radiation Protection

Ch 3

QuestionAnswer
Roentgen oassed electrricy through Crookes Tube
He covered the Crookes tube with a shield of Black cardboard
Wonder Rays resulted in acute biologic damage to some patients and pioneer radiation workers.
Somatic Damage biologic damage to the body of the exposed individual caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.
First american radiation Fatality Clarence Dally
Many radiologists and dentists developed a reddening of the skin radiodermatitis
what was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation?(unit used for measuring radiaiton exposure from 1900-1930) skin erythema dose
skin erythema the receieved quantity of radiation that causes diffuse redness over an area of skin after irradiation
amount of absorbed radiation corresponds roughly to the modern dose of several gray(several hundred rads)
short term somatic effects appeared within minutes, hrs, days, weeks of the time of radiation exposure, were believed to be preventable if doses to radiation workers were limited.(aka acute or early effects)
tolerance dose radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be continuously subjected without any apparent harmful acute effects
threshold dose a dose of radiation below which an individual has a negligible chance of sustaining specific biologic damage
short term somatic EFFECTS nausea, intestinal disorders,fatigue, feverdiffused redness of the skin,loss of hair, blood disorders,shedding of the skin
long term or late somatic EFFECTS cancer, embryonic effects (birth defects)formation of cataracts
genetic EFFECTS biologic effects of ionizing radiation on generations yet unborn
maximum permissible dose (MPD) the largest dose of ionizing radiation that an occupationally exposed person
MPD was expressed in REM (radiation-equivalent man)
effective dose based on the energy depostied in biologic tissue by ionizing radiation
effective dose is measured in sievert (Sv)
absorbed dose amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by the irradiated object
amount of energy absorbed by a structure depends on the atomic number,mass density of the tissue,the energy of the incident photon
Quality Factor (Q) adjustment multiplier that was used in calculation of dose equivalence to specify the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage
linear energy transfer amount of energy transferred on avg by incident radiation to an object
To calculate equivalent dose EqD = D x Wr
To calculate effective dose EfD = D x Wr x Wt
Tissue weighting factor (Wt) is used to do what? account for the risk to the entire organism brought on by irradiation
Which radiation quantities accounts for some biologic tissues being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues Effective Dose
Created by: Darla1083
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