Concepts of Health & Wellness
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| What is high-level wellness? | Oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable
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| What is disease prevention? | Actions that promote health protective behaviors, can reduce potential or actual illness & disease
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| What is holistic health promotion? | Focuses on increasing the well being and function of all aspects of the individual
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| What is the primary focus of nursing care? | Meeting client/patient needs
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| True or False: The urgency of a particular need is highly individualized & shaped by the situation and a persons perspective | True
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| Who developed the pyramid "Hierarchy of Needs"? | Maslow
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| What is the basic concept of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? | A pyramid structure to describe & prioritize a humans needs, progressing from essential needs at the base & proceeding upwards for healthy whole human beings
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| Who is wellness influenced by? | Client/patient
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| What are the internal influences for wellness? | Biological, psychosocial, mental & spiritual health
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| What are the external influences for wellness? | Environmental, cultural, work, & recreational
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| What is "Health"? | A state of complete physical, mental & social well being, and not merely the absence of disease & infirmity
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| What are factors of biological health? | Environment, heredity, age, gender, & stage of development impact the clients physiological health, as do nutrition, exercise & sleep
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| What are factors of psychosocial health (mental & emotional)? | Lifestyle choices, stress management, & coping mechanisms
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| Is spiritual health easily measured or tested? | No
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| Does spiritual health have a deep & very real influence of a client/patients health? | Yes
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| What does optimal spiritual health mean? | At peace & clearly express beliefs, drawing strength from own convictions & their source of religious experience
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| What does poor spiritual health mean? | Conflicted, expressing doubts and fears related to their beliefs. Unable to draw strength from any source of religious experience and are tormented by disquiet
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| Define disease | An objective, identifiable process that causes a change in body function that shortens the lifespan of a client or reduces their capabilities
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| What does disease cause? | Illness
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| What is illness? | A change or deviation from the norm that alters the physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual functioning of the client/pt. May or may not be related to disease
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| Is illness objective or subjective? | Subjective
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| What is an acute illness? | Change that occurs suddenly and can be resolved in a short period of time (flu, colds, fevers, appendicitis)
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| What is a chronic illness? | Change that occurs over a long period of time, developing slowly & lasting through the remainder of the clients life (heart condition, diabetes, paralysis)
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| What is a terminal illness? | No cure is available or treatments that are ineffective and do not halt the progression of a disease; results in death
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| What does the 2010 health report do? | Places individual health within the larger context of community health, then places community health within the context of the health of the nation
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| According to Healthy People 2010, what are leading health indicators? | Physical activity, over weight & obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury & violence, environmental quality, immunizations, access to health care
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| What are the biological factors that influence health & wellness? | Heredity, genetic make up, metabolism, taste (food preferences are based on genetic programming), gender, hereditary disease, lifestyle, environmental exposures, environmental toxicants, congenital disease
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| What are social factors that influence health & wellness? | Family & social support, abuse, neglect, accidents, violence, culture, and economic factors
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| True or False: Clients/patients with a strong family support, respond more quickly to a treatment and tend to remain healthier | True
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| What is the best way to learn about culture? | Do research in the library or on the internet
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| What are food habits based on? | Food availability, genetic differences, taste, food economics & distribution, and symbolic meanings attached to certain foods
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| How do you model healthy behaviors? | Be self aware, take care of yourself (physically, emotionally, & spiritually)
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| What is the most important meal of the day? | Breakfast
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| What does modifiable mean? | Behavior or factors you can control or change
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| What does non-modifiable mean? | Behavior or factors you can not control or change
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| What are risk factors for heart attack? | Smoking, diabetes, obesity
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| What was the leading cause of death in 2004? | Heart disease
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| What has the greatest influence and is most within your control? | Personal stress
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| What are examples of personal risk? | Negative self-talk, smoking, alcohol, pain killers, sleep aids, high BMI, & low physical activity
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| What is one of the main types of stress in work/school (where you spend most of your time) called? | Work related
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| What are some examples of work-related stress? | Work roles, high work levels, uncertain or consistent changing of expectations, physically demanding work
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| What is client-related stress? | Dealing with the needs of those who are ill or dying, the changing nature of the clients, frequency of client contact, & increasing demands from the client
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| What are health promotion seeking activities? | Personal prevention and health care prevention
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| Who is ultimately responsible for their health care decisions? | Client/patient
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| How can you assist with clients health promotion? | Monitor health changes, manage medications, administer injections, educate clients, provide basic care & comfort, reduce potential risk, & watch for potential complications
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| How do you help maintain health promotion for infants? | Support caregivers in providing healthy, nurturing & safe environment
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| How do you help maintain health promotion for school-aged children? | Focus on family & school support structures, include good diet, exercise, & establish good health habits
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| How do you help maintain health promotion for adolescents? | Address sleep patterns, sexual experimentation, substance abuse issues. Focus on family & peer support structures.
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| How do you help maintain health promotion for young adults? | Focus on peer, career and child rearing support structures. Ensure healthy diet, exercise, and stress management techniques
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| How do you help maintain health promotion for middle-aged adults? | Encourage regular exercise and diets of lean meats, lots of fiber, reducing overall consumption, particularly fat and sugar intake
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| How do you help maintain health promotion for older adults? | Encourage good nutrition and exercise. Focus on information seeking, family and interest based activity based structures
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| Describe the caring professional role of an LPN/LVN | Provide an atmosphere of mutual trust & respect that encourages collaboration and cooperation, provide care & support, and direct the clients care to assist in achieving desired outcomes
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| Describe the nursing process role of an LPN/LVN | Assist the RN and other members of the health care team using a scientific problem-solving approach that includes assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
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| Describe both teacher & student role of LPN/LVN | Provides clients with helpful information to optimize their health. Acquire knowledge, skills, and attitudes that promote health-seeking behaviors in yourself & others. Commit to lifelong learning to remain current in practice
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| What is complementary healthcare? | For the most part exist outside the realms of traditional medicine
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| What does CAM stand for? | Complementary Alternative Medicine
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| What can biologically active CAM therapies interact with? | Drugs or traditional medical treatments, either changing their effectiveness or resulting in a toxic or harmful combination
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| What are the five primary categories of CAM? | Alternative medical systems, mind-body interventions, biologically-based therapies, manipulative & body-based, and energy therapies
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| Give examples of Alternative medical systems | Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, or Ayurveda; also includes homeopathy or naturopathy
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| Give examples of mind-body interventions | Use mental techniques to affect bodily functions, meditation, prayer, mental healing & creative therapies such as dance, art, music, Thai Chi, yoga, guided meditations
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| Give examples of biologically-based therapies | Use natural products, including specific herbs, foods, & vitamins. Herbal supplements, vitamins mineral supplements
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| Give examples of manipulative & body based therapies | Based on moving one or more body parts to align the body. Osteopathy, chiropractic treatment, reflexology, and massage
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| Give examples of energy therapies | Interventions involve biofield therapies, such as Qi Gong or Reiki which affect energy fields around the human body; or bioelectrictromagnetic-based therapies, which use pulse & magnetic fields; alternating current or direct current fields- pain treatment
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| What is transcultural nursing? | Understanding & integrating the many variables in cultural practices into all aspects of nursing care
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| What is cultural competence? | Nurse must be aware of personal cultural beliefs & practices, be able to understand that these beliefs put some limitations on the ability to care for those from other cultures
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| What varies among different cultures? | The response to health & illness
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| What are three religious beliefs and practices? | Observant Jew (follows kosher diet), Christian Science (doesn't normally seek medical care, approach to health care in primarily spiritual framework) & Jehovah's Witness (no blood transfusions)
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| What can clients use to maintain balance? | Herbs and other natural remedies
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| What must be kept in balance? | Forces of nature
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| What are complimentary therapies? | Therapies used in addition to conventional treatment, recommended by a persons healthcare provider
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| What are alternative therapies? | May include the same interventions as complimentary therapies, but frequently become the primary treatment (replacing traditional medical treatment)
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| What is the most common complimentary/alternative therapy? | Touch
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| What does the National Center for CAM investigate? | Non-traditional treatment methods
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| What are CAM therapies? | Herbal, chiropractic, acupuncture/acupressure, therapeutic massage, aromatherapy, & reflexology
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| What CAM therapy is recommended for all ages? | Therapeutic massage
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| What is biofeedback? | Treatment designed to help control involuntary nervous systems, such as heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, and muscle contractions
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| Who is the primary person in charge of healthcare maintenance? | The client/patient
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| What are nutrients? | Chemical compound or element in food that is necessary for good health
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| How are nutrients supplied? | Variety of foods in any combination
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| What is the 2010 recommendation for regular exercise? | 30 minutes/day
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| What is important for health maintenance? | Nutrition
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| What should be modified regularly and changed to meet needs? | Diet
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| What is a social event? | Eating
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| What can obesity increase? | Risk of complication during surgery
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| What happens with positive stress? | It can motivate someone to accomplish more
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| What happens with negative stress? | Person gets overwhelmed
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| What is the wellness-illness continuum? | Maintaining a balance between many factors
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| What are the signs of abuse and neglect? | Bruising, broken bones that don't match description of mishap; lack of hygiene or apathy
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| How does stress affect health & wellness? | When you are stressed, you tend to go to high risk behaviors to eliminate that stress
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| What is self-awareness? | Being aware of what makes you who you are
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| What is self-care? | Broad set of personal decisions & behaviors based on a desire for restoring, maintaining or improving ones health
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| What are examples of modifiable risk factors? | Diet, exercise, stress levels, use of tobacco & alcohol
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| What are examples of non-modifiable risk factors? | Age, gender, family, history
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| Using the acronym "CAUTION" what are the seven warning signs to cancer? | Change in bowel or bladder habits, A sore that doesn't heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening/lump in breast or elsewhere, Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, Obvious changes in wart/moles, Nagging cough or hoarseness
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| Define stress | to experience worry
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| List four symptoms of stress | Changes in sleep patterns, wild mood swings, dramatic weight loss/gain, financial difficulties
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| List five stress coping mechanisms | Acknowledge it exist, problem solving, changing things one at a time, talking it out, following advice
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| What is the precontemplation stage of behavioral change? | Clients need to help in becoming aware of behaviors that require modifications, particularly those who are denial
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| What is the preparation stage of behavioral change? | Clients begin developing a plan for change & can mentally imagine the impact of that change
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| What is the maintenance stage of behavioral change? | Clients reach short term goals, but must continue behaviors, applying same strategies they used in action stage
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