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Scientific Method

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Term
Definition
Inference   A logical assumption based on prior knowledge (comes after making an observation.)  
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Observation   Act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and taking note of what occurs.  
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Hypothesis   A testable statement that relies on information gathered from observations and inferences. Phrased as an "If" "then" statement.  
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Variables   Factors in an experiment that are used for investigation.  
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Independent Variable   Factor that you want to test that is changed by the investigator to observe how it affects a dependent variable.  
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Dependent Variable   Factor that you want to observe or measure during an experiment.  
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Scientific Theory   Explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.  
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Constant   A variable that remains the same throughout an experiment.  
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Sample Size   How many people, objects, or things involved in the experiment. Important when conducting an experiment on groups of subjects.  
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Replication   Must be done in order for results of an experiment to be accepted.  
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Conclusion   Developed after carrying out an experiment using data and analyzing results.  
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Control Group   The group that must stay the same in an experiment to test the other group. The group used for comparison.  
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Inquiry   Scientific process requiring the scientist to seek an answer to a question.  
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Science   Investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from these investigations.  
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Technology   Practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use.  
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Qualitative Observation   Observations that are made using your senses.  
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Quantitative Observation   Observations that are made using rulers, balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, and thermometers.  
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Scientific Law   Rule that describes a pattern in nature.  
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Experimental Group   The group that is being tested on.  
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Critical Thinking   Comparing what you already know with the information you are given in order to decide whether you agree with it.  
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Physical   Describes a branch of science in which matter and energy are studied.  
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Prediction   Statement of what will happen in a sequence of events.  
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Description   Spoken or written summary of observations.  
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Explanation   Interpretation of observations.  
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International System of Units   Internationally accepted system for measurement.  
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Significant Digits   Number of digits you know in a measurement with a certain degree of reliability.  
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Potential   Possible, likely, or probable.  
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Gram   The base unit for mass.  
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Liter   The base unit for volume.  
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Meter   The base unit for length.  
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Celsius   The metric unit for temperature.  
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