Vocabulary words
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| Absorption | the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another
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| Adverse effect | an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery
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| Agonist | a substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor
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| Antagonist | a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses rather than provoking a biological response itself upon binding to a receptor
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| Bioavailability | the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect
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| Biotechnology | the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.
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| Biotransformation | the alteration of a substance, such as a drug, within the body
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| Bolus | a single dose of a drug or other medicinal preparation given all at once
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| Contraindication | (of a condition or circumstance) suggest or indicate that (a particular technique or drug) should not be used in the case in question
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| Distribution | the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients
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| Duration | the time during which something continues
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| Emulsion | a fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible
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| Enteral | (chiefly of nutrition) involving or passing through the intestine, either naturally via the mouth and esophagus, or through an artificial opening
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| Excretion | (in living organisms and cells) the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.
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| Idiosyncratic effect | unpredictable adverse drug reactions that do not occur in most patients but when they do occur they can be life-threatening
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| Indication | a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery
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| Local effect | the impact of a therapeutic agent on specific tissues rather than on the whole body, esp. on those tissues where the agent is absorbed, metabolized, or most chemically active
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| Onset | the first appearance of the signs or symptoms of an illness
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| Parenteral | Not delivered via the intestinal tract. For example, parenteral nutrition is feeding that is delivered intravenously
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| Pharmacodynamics | the branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action
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| Pharmacokinetics | the branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body
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| Plasma protein binding | A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within blood plasma. The less bound a drug is, the more efficiently it can traverse cell membranes or diffuse. Common blood proteins that drugs bind to are human serum alb
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| Reconstituted | ---The restitution or return to an original state of a substance, or combination of parts to make a whole
---In the case of a lower organism, the restoration of a part of the body by regeneration
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| Side effect | a result of drug or other therapy in addition to or in extension of the desired therapeutic effect; usually but not necessarily, connoting an undesirable effect
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| Solubility | the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent
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| Solution | a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)
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| Suspension | 1a: the state of a substance when its particles are mixed with but undissolved in a fluid or solidb: a substance in this state—see oral suspension
2: a system consisting of a solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas usually in particles of larger than
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| Synergist | "together with" or "united." When synergistic parts work together, they accomplish more than they could alone. Synergetic is often used to describe the effect of drugs working together — where one drug increases the other's effectiveness
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| Systemic effect | In medicine, systemic means affecting the whole body, or at least multiple organ systems. It is in contrast with topical or local. Systemic administration, a route of administration of medication so that the entire body is affected
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| Topical | relating or applied directly to a part of the body
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| Controlled substances | a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession, or use is regulated by a government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated a Controlled Drug
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| Narcotics | a drug that relieves pain and induces drowsiness, stupor, or insensibility
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| DEA | Lead agency for domestic enforcement of federal drug laws, and for coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad
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| FDA | Food and Drug Administration: a federal agency responsible for monitoring trading and safety standards in the food and drug industries
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| The Joint Commission | The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 21,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States
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| OTC | Over the counter
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| PDR | Physician's Desk Reference- a reference book published yearly that contains drug monographs and an illustrated section for drug identification
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| USP-NF | United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary- a book of public pharmacopeial standards for chemical and biological drug substances, dosage forms, compounded preparations, excipients, medical devices, and dietary supplements
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