Ch 21 of MED ASSISTANTS
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| Nitrates relieve angina by | dilating the coronary arteries
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| The most common side effect from Nitrates | Headache
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| Sustained-released Nitroglycerin tablets are taken | on an empty stomach every 8-12 hours
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| The application sites for transdermal disks are rotated | Daily
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| A transdermal Nitroglycerin disk is dislodged. What should you do? | Remove the desk and apply a new one
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| Beta blockers are used to treat angina and heart failure because they | reduce oxygen demands
reduce BP
Lower the heart rate
Reduce cardiac output
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| Before giving a beta blocker for angina, you need to measure | BP in the supine and standing positions
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| Calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of angina. What they do? | Decrease myocardial oxygen demand
Dilate the coronary arteries
Dilate peripheral vessels
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| ACE inhibitors are used to prevent? | MI
Reduce high BP
Prevent blood clots
Control BP
Very effective with Diuretic therapy
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| Before giving a drug for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) you should | Rate pain level
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| Before dilating Blood vessels, ACE inhibitors prevent | Blood clots and reduce BP and blood volume
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| Intermitttent claudication occurs with | Arteriosclerosis obliterans
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| Pentoxifylline (Trental) is used to treat intermittent claudication. It prevents | the clumping of red blood cells and platelets
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| A person taking Pentoxifylline (Trental) complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. What should you do? | Tell the nurse at once
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| Vaso-dilator are (drugs name) | Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan)
Papaverine hydrochloride (Pavagen TD)
Phenoxybenzamine (Didenzyline)
It treats Peripheral Vascular Disease
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| A platelet aggregation inhibitor prevents | Platelets from clumping
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| Digoxin (Lanoxin) is used in the treatment of heart failure. What it does? | Increases the force of heart muscle contraction
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| The maintenance dose of Digoxin (Lanoxin) is | 1.25 - 2.5mg daily
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| Sublingual Nitroglycerin (what sensation it produced) ? | slight stinging or burning sensation
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| Diuretics increase water loss from the body by | Increasing sodium excretion
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| Ascites occurs from | liver disease
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| Loop diuretics inhibit the re-adsorption of | sodium.
+thiazide
The effects of loop diuretics last about 6 hours
Given before mid-afternoon
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| Thiazide Diuretics | used in the treatment of obesity, pregnancy and pre-menstrual syndrome
Low potassium is a common problem with THIAZIDE DIURETICS
- Naturetin
- Diuril
- Oretic
- Enduron
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| signal dehydration and electrolyte imbalance from diuretisc lead to | changes in alertness and confusion
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| Potassium-Sparing diuretics | retain potassium
- Amiloride (Midamor)
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Triamterene (Dyrenium)
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| Which is a Cobination Diuretic ? | Dyazide
Aldactazide
Maxzide
Moduretic
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| Infarction | a local area of tissue death
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| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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| Diuresis | increased formation and excretion of urine
Purpose of a DIURETIC is to increase the loss of water from the body
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| The goals of therapy for LOOP DIURETICS are | Promote diuresis
Reduce edema
Improve symptoms related to excess fluid inn tissues
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| The DIURETIC activity for ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) lasts on how many hours? | 6 - 8 hours
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| A person taking a THIAZIDE DIURETIC develops hives, rash, itching. What should you do? | Report the symptoms to the nurse
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| A person allergic to SULFONAMIDES may also be allergic to ? | FUROSEMIDE (Lasix)
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| A part of blood clot breaks off and travels in the vascular system. Calls? | Embolus
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| Aspirin is | A platelet inhibitor
It reduced MI, TIA, Stroke
It is given with meals
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| DIPYRIDAMOLE (Persantine) used for? | Heart valve replacement
It is given with WARFARIN (Coumadin)
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| CLOPIDOGREL (Plavix) is given to prevent | Stroke and MI
Adult dose: 75 mg
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| TICLOPIDINE (Ticid) prevents? | Stroke
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| ANTI - COAGULANT drugs prevent? | New clots
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| COUMADIN inhibits is (what kind of Vitamin)? | Vitamin K activity
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| ANTIHISTAMINES | Drugs of choice for allergic rhinitis
It cause dry, thick seacretions of the mouth, nose, throat, and bronchi
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| Decongestants cause | Vaso-constriction of the nasal mucosa
It treats Allergic rhinitis, the common cold, rhinitis
It used with ANTIHISTAMINES to reduce sedation
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| SUDAFED is | a nasal decongestant
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| INTRA-NASAL CORTICO-STEROIDS are given to | reduce inflammation, allergic rhinitis, itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea ==> (but NOT a nasal burning)
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| CROMOLYN SODIUM (Nasalcrom) | prevents the release of histamine. It sprays into each nostril 3-4 times a day
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| EXPECTORANTS is | is liquify mucus
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| ANTITUSSIVES is | cough suppressants
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| METFORMIN (Glucophage) is | oral anti-diabetic agent. Give with morning & evening meals.
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| SULFONYLUREA agents | lower blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin. - GLIMEPHIRIDE, - GLIPIZIDE, - GLYBURIDE
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| MEGLITINIDES | gives 1-30 min before meal
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| THIAZOLIDINEDIONE | ROSIGLITAZONE (Avandia)
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| ACARBOSE (Precose) is given | at the start of each meal. It inhibit enzymes used to digest sugars
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| A person is receiving a thyroid replacement hormone. You need to observe for | Hyperthyroidism
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| Thyroid replacement hormones are | LIOTHYRONINE, LEVOTHYROXINE, LIOTRIX
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