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Drugs
Ch 21 of MED ASSISTANTS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nitrates relieve angina by | dilating the coronary arteries |
| The most common side effect from Nitrates | Headache |
| Sustained-released Nitroglycerin tablets are taken | on an empty stomach every 8-12 hours |
| The application sites for transdermal disks are rotated | Daily |
| A transdermal Nitroglycerin disk is dislodged. What should you do? | Remove the desk and apply a new one |
| Beta blockers are used to treat angina and heart failure because they | reduce oxygen demands reduce BP Lower the heart rate Reduce cardiac output |
| Before giving a beta blocker for angina, you need to measure | BP in the supine and standing positions |
| Calcium channel blockers are used in the treatment of angina. What they do? | Decrease myocardial oxygen demand Dilate the coronary arteries Dilate peripheral vessels |
| ACE inhibitors are used to prevent? | MI Reduce high BP Prevent blood clots Control BP Very effective with Diuretic therapy |
| Before giving a drug for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) you should | Rate pain level |
| Before dilating Blood vessels, ACE inhibitors prevent | Blood clots and reduce BP and blood volume |
| Intermitttent claudication occurs with | Arteriosclerosis obliterans |
| Pentoxifylline (Trental) is used to treat intermittent claudication. It prevents | the clumping of red blood cells and platelets |
| A person taking Pentoxifylline (Trental) complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. What should you do? | Tell the nurse at once |
| Vaso-dilator are (drugs name) | Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan) Papaverine hydrochloride (Pavagen TD) Phenoxybenzamine (Didenzyline) It treats Peripheral Vascular Disease |
| A platelet aggregation inhibitor prevents | Platelets from clumping |
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) is used in the treatment of heart failure. What it does? | Increases the force of heart muscle contraction |
| The maintenance dose of Digoxin (Lanoxin) is | 1.25 - 2.5mg daily |
| Sublingual Nitroglycerin (what sensation it produced) ? | slight stinging or burning sensation |
| Diuretics increase water loss from the body by | Increasing sodium excretion |
| Ascites occurs from | liver disease |
| Loop diuretics inhibit the re-adsorption of | sodium. +thiazide The effects of loop diuretics last about 6 hours Given before mid-afternoon |
| Thiazide Diuretics | used in the treatment of obesity, pregnancy and pre-menstrual syndrome Low potassium is a common problem with THIAZIDE DIURETICS - Naturetin - Diuril - Oretic - Enduron |
| signal dehydration and electrolyte imbalance from diuretisc lead to | changes in alertness and confusion |
| Potassium-Sparing diuretics | retain potassium - Amiloride (Midamor) - Spironolactone (Aldactone) - Triamterene (Dyrenium) |
| Which is a Cobination Diuretic ? | Dyazide Aldactazide Maxzide Moduretic |
| Infarction | a local area of tissue death |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Diuresis | increased formation and excretion of urine Purpose of a DIURETIC is to increase the loss of water from the body |
| The goals of therapy for LOOP DIURETICS are | Promote diuresis Reduce edema Improve symptoms related to excess fluid inn tissues |
| The DIURETIC activity for ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) lasts on how many hours? | 6 - 8 hours |
| A person taking a THIAZIDE DIURETIC develops hives, rash, itching. What should you do? | Report the symptoms to the nurse |
| A person allergic to SULFONAMIDES may also be allergic to ? | FUROSEMIDE (Lasix) |
| A part of blood clot breaks off and travels in the vascular system. Calls? | Embolus |
| Aspirin is | A platelet inhibitor It reduced MI, TIA, Stroke It is given with meals |
| DIPYRIDAMOLE (Persantine) used for? | Heart valve replacement It is given with WARFARIN (Coumadin) |
| CLOPIDOGREL (Plavix) is given to prevent | Stroke and MI Adult dose: 75 mg |
| TICLOPIDINE (Ticid) prevents? | Stroke |
| ANTI - COAGULANT drugs prevent? | New clots |
| COUMADIN inhibits is (what kind of Vitamin)? | Vitamin K activity |
| ANTIHISTAMINES | Drugs of choice for allergic rhinitis It cause dry, thick seacretions of the mouth, nose, throat, and bronchi |
| Decongestants cause | Vaso-constriction of the nasal mucosa It treats Allergic rhinitis, the common cold, rhinitis It used with ANTIHISTAMINES to reduce sedation |
| SUDAFED is | a nasal decongestant |
| INTRA-NASAL CORTICO-STEROIDS are given to | reduce inflammation, allergic rhinitis, itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea ==> (but NOT a nasal burning) |
| CROMOLYN SODIUM (Nasalcrom) | prevents the release of histamine. It sprays into each nostril 3-4 times a day |
| EXPECTORANTS is | is liquify mucus |
| ANTITUSSIVES is | cough suppressants |
| METFORMIN (Glucophage) is | oral anti-diabetic agent. Give with morning & evening meals. |
| SULFONYLUREA agents | lower blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin. - GLIMEPHIRIDE, - GLIPIZIDE, - GLYBURIDE |
| MEGLITINIDES | gives 1-30 min before meal |
| THIAZOLIDINEDIONE | ROSIGLITAZONE (Avandia) |
| ACARBOSE (Precose) is given | at the start of each meal. It inhibit enzymes used to digest sugars |
| A person is receiving a thyroid replacement hormone. You need to observe for | Hyperthyroidism |
| Thyroid replacement hormones are | LIOTHYRONINE, LEVOTHYROXINE, LIOTRIX |
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100000586490372
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