SS Finals
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| show | line of latitude at 0 degrees; divides Northern and Southern hemisphere
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| prime meridian | show 🗑
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| show | imaginary lines that run horizontally, measured N or S from equator; degrees; comes first in locations (latitude, longitude)
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| show | imaginary lines that run vertically; measured E or W from prime meridian; degrees; comes second in location (latitude, longitude)
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| archaeologist | show 🗑
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| artifact | show 🗑
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| fossil | show 🗑
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| show | a scientist who focus on human society, studies how human developed, and studies how humans related to one another
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| nomad | show 🗑
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| show | and methods to help humans perform tasks; i.e. – fire, fishing tools, etc.
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| domesticate | show 🗑
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| show | Babylonian ruler; conquered only city-states north and south, creating an empire; Code of Hammurabi written in 1750 B.C.
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| show | a way of watering crops; building dams and channels to control the seasonal floods; building walls, waterways, and ditches to bring water to fields; allowed farmers to grow plenty of food and support a large population
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| city-state | show 🗑
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| artisan | show 🗑
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| show | Sumerian writing; consisted of hundreds of wedge-shaped marks cut into damp clay tablets with a sharp-ended reed; developed to keep track of business deals and other events; written by scribes
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| show | record keepers; few boys (males) from wealthy families learned to write; they held honored positions in society, often going on to become judges or political leaders
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| empire | show 🗑
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| Sumer(ians) | show 🗑
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| Mesopotamia (ns) | show 🗑
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| show | 1800-1600 B.C. large center of trade; Hammurabi conquered city states north and south creating an empire, Code of Hammurabi 1750 B.C.
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| Assyria (ns) | show 🗑
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| Nebuchadnezzar | show 🗑
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| show | a political district; governed by officials who collected taxes and enforced the king’s laws (Assyrians)
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| show | first settlers around 10,000 B.C.; flows south to north; starts in the mountains of East Africa; flows into the Mediterranean Sea creating the Nile Delta; fertile land; encouraged trade and cooperation between villages;
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| show | Where Egyptians’ got food (fish), cleaned, bathed, drank, transported
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| show | The Egyptian system of writing; made up of hundreds of picture symbols;stood for objects and ideas,others stood for sounds; carved on stone walls and monuments by scribes; a simplified version was made for everyday purposes and was written on papyrus
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| show | A vast desert to the west of the Nile; the largest hot desert in the world
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| show | a wild rapid in the Nile River formed by narrow cliffs and boulders
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| delta (Nile) | show 🗑
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| show | a reed plant that grew along the shores of the Nile; originally used to make baskets, sandals, and river rafts; later used for papermaking
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| show | a line of rulers from one family; when one died out, another took its place; a passing down from father to son to grandson….of ruling power
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| show | Great Pyramid’s owner; Great Pyramid built 2540 B.C.; 10 miles from Cairo; standing in Giza, west bank of Nile; 500 feet tall; 9 football fields; 2 million 2.5 ton bricks
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| Pharaoh | show 🗑
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| Rosetta Stone | show 🗑
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| deity | show 🗑
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| show | a process to preserve a dead pharaoh’s body organ removal, special salt application, drying, body filling with spices and perfumes, stitched closed, cleaning with oils, wrapped with long strips on linen tightly
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| mummy | show 🗑
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| show | a mountain-like tomb built entirely of stone for a pharaoh; size of several city blocks; protected bodies from floods, wild animals, grave robbers, held supplies
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| religion | show 🗑
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| show | main god: Re (Ra), the sun god; Hapi, Nile River god; Isis, goddess of loyal wives and mothers; Osiris, god of the dead
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| show | city of Middle Kingdom, south of Memphis, large city
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| show | First Egyptian female ruler; came to power as queen in 1473B.C.; ruled first as wife, then aunt, then pharaoh; avoided military conquests; focused on trade, economy, and wealth of Egypt; had a peaceful reign; rebuilt temples; built monuments
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| show | Most Israelites’ settlement; present-day countries: Lebanon, Israel, Jordan; after drought and famine in Mesopotamia, Bible said that Abraham led the Israelites to Canaan
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| Moses | show 🗑
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| show | belief in one god – religion type
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| Torah | show 🗑
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| David | show 🗑
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| Jerusalem | show 🗑
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| show | one of the two kingdoms that formed after Solomon’s death; smaller of the two; southern; capital was Jerusalem; its people were called Jews
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| show | David’s son; king following David; built a stone temple (symbol and center for Judaism) in Jerusalem; was known for his proverbs; taxed for his great buildings, not favored by many Israelites
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| show | a person who claims to be instructed by God to share God’s words
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| show | a wise saying
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| show | where Jews went during exile: Jews met on Sabbath, prayed in synagogue
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| Diaspora | show 🗑
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| show | a period of time in which people are forced to live in a foreign land; Israelite religion became Judaism during Jews’ exile
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| Sabbath | show 🗑
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| show | a Jewish house of worship; where Jewish religious meetings took place
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| Zealot | show 🗑
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| show | desert herder in early Arabia; traveled from oasis to oasis; lived in tents; ate dried nuts, berries, little meat
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| Muhammad | show 🗑
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| show | holy book of Islam containing God’s written word, rules of life, and moral teachings
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| Shiites | show 🗑
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| Sunnis | show 🗑
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| Shiites and Sunnis | show 🗑
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| show | Muslim house of worship; served as a school, court, and center of learning; a major part of Muslim cities
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| Jesus | show 🗑
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| messiah | show 🗑
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| show | a person who could spark strong reactions; a threat to Roman law and order
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| persecute | show 🗑
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| show | to hang somebody from a cross until their death (Rome’s way of punishing political rebels and lower-class criminals); Jesus’ death
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| clergy | show 🗑
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| New Testament | show 🗑
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| Old Testament | show 🗑
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| Roman Catholic Church | show 🗑
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| show | formed by the Byzantine Empire; based on Greek heritage; church and government work closely together (emperor represents Jesus, emperors chooses leading church officials; Eastern Roman Empire (Constantinople)
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| Dark Ages | show 🗑
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| Colony | show 🗑
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| show | a tiny independent country; no close ties to its homeland; example – a Greek city-state
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| show | an open area below an acropolis that was both a market and a place where people could meet and debate issues
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| show | a military based Greek city-state; conquered and enslaved neighboring people; all males were trained for war at age seven; focus on physical strength and military led to a decline in trade; government: oligarchy
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| show | a Greek city-state; boys attended school until age 18; girls were taught at home (running household; wealthy girls: reading, writing, lyre-playing); government: democracy;matters were discussed, debated and voted on; non-citizens not included
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| Delian League | show 🗑
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| direct democracy | show 🗑
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| Representative democracy | show 🗑
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| Solon | show 🗑
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| Peisistratus | show 🗑
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| show | the Spartans’ type of government in which a few people hold power
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| show | a captive worker of the Spartans; “capture
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| Persia | show 🗑
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| show | united Persians, 559-530 B.C. – Built large empire
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| Darius | show 🗑
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| show | Darius’ son; Persian king from 486 B.C.; vowed revenge; invade Greece again; led Persians to victory at battle of Thermopylae; burned Athens; retreated to Asia Minor after battle of Plataea
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| show | the 20 provinces of the Persian Empire (each led by a satrap)
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| show | ruler of Athens from 461-429 B.C.; dominated Delian League(promised to defend against Persians; headquarters on Delos); lower class could run for office (paid) rebuilt cities after Persian Wars; supported architects, writers, and philosophers
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| show | a thinker who ponders questions about life
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| show | Deities shape events and lives; 12 main gods (and goddess) live on Mount Olympus; all powerful; *most Greeks are Christians today – Eastern Orthodox or Greek Orthodox
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| Gods and goddesses | show 🗑
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| myth | show 🗑
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| drama | show 🗑
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| Plato | show 🗑
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| Pythagoras | show 🗑
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| show | Greek philosopher; criticized the Sophists; believed in absolute right and wrong; Socratic method: pointed questions force pupils to use reasoning and thinking; teachers use his methods today
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| show | Greek philosopher; “golden mean”: people should do nothing in excess; observation and comparison are used to gain
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| show | Greek historian; wrote history of Persian Wars; considered “father of history”; history includes reference to gods and goddess in connection with events; separated fact from legend
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| show | Macedonian king 359 B.C.; wants to unite with Greece and defeat Persia; joined with Greek city-states both peacefully and aggressively; murdered
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| Alexander the Great | show 🗑
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| Alexander the Great's accomplishments | show 🗑
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| Legacy | show 🗑
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| Himalayas | show 🗑
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| Indus River Valley | show 🗑
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| Monsoon | show 🗑
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| show | the written Indian language
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| raja | show 🗑
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| guru | show 🗑
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| show | the system of having social groups that someone is born into and cannot change; “jati”; dictates your occupation, spouse and social partners
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| Hinduism | show 🗑
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| Buddhism | show 🗑
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| karma | show 🗑
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| reincarnation | show 🗑
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| theocracy | show 🗑
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| show | Chandragupta Maurya; conquered an area in northern India left by Alexander the Great; dynasty founded in 321 B.C.; centralized government from Pataliputra (strong army, spy system, postal sysem); Asoka
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| Asoka | show 🗑
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| Gupta Empire | show 🗑
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| show | a person who uses a trade route to travel to a religious shrine or site
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| Shang Dynasty | show 🗑
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| show | 3500 years old, pictographs and ideograph, most characters represent whole words
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| show | Wu Wang started it in 1045 B.C.; warring states led to creation of sword, spears, crossbow, saddles, stirrups; bureaucracy under king; aristocrats controlled land; irrigation systems; flood control systems;more crops, food, bigger population, trade increa
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| show | Emperor Shinhuangdi;contolled neighboring states one by one; followed Legalism; strong central government (province and county rulers were chosen by king); unified China;Great Wall (kept out Xiongnu); civil war; terracotta warriors
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| Han Dynasty | show 🗑
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| Mandate of Heaven | show 🗑
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| Daoism | show 🗑
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| show | basis for Daoism; told people how to behave and be peaceful: give up all worldly possessions, seek inner peace and look for harmony with nature
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| show | developed teachings for Legalism; wanted laws; believed humans were evil and needed harsh laws
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| Confucius | show 🗑
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| show | “School of Law”; the idea that honorable men in government could bring peace to society; people are not good, so strict laws are needed; people need to be controlled and trained
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| Silk Road | show 🗑
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| show | “Made Rome”; abandoned near Tiber River; wolf saves boys; Romulus kills Remus; Rome named after Romulus
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| show | first written laws; allowed for fair and equal interpretation of law for all citizens (especially plebeians)
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| Etruscans | show 🗑
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| show | a form of government in which the leader is not a king of queen, but someone put in office by citizens with the right to vote; the citizens have the power; Roman Republic formed when Romans overthrew the Tarquins
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| legion | show 🗑
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| show | enemy of Rome during Punic Wars; richest city in West Mediterranean
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| Hadrian’s Wall | show 🗑
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| show | 1st – fight for Scicily; naval battle; Rome’s victory; 2nd – Hannibal (officer) sent to attack Rome; fought via Spain into Italy; Scipio invades Carthage; Carthage loses Spain, navy and money to Rome; 3rd – Rome destroys Carthage
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| show | sent to attack Rome during second Punic War; Carthage’s greatest general; army of men, horses, elephants
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| patrician | show 🗑
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| plebeian | show 🗑
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| show | patrician; chosen every year; top government official; headed the army and ran the government
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| show | killed on March 15th (“Ides of March”); Julian calendar; part of the first triumvirate; filled senate with loyal members
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| Julius Caesar's accomplishments | show 🗑
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| show | part of second triumvirate; Lepidus retires, Antony dies (marries Cleopatra; gets war declared, Antony and Cleopatra VII die); starts Roman Empire; restores republic, (follows ideas of Cicero; changed name to Augustus)
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| Pax Romana | show 🗑
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| show | a human made channel for carrying water long distances (across valleys or hillsides) using gravity, aboveground stone arches, and underground (stone or clay) pipes
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| Ptolemy | show 🗑
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| show | a disease that spreads widely; took its toll during Rome’s decline; in Rome took the lives of one in every ten people
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| mosaic | show 🗑
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| show | emperor after Constantine; decided to divide empire after death; in 395 A.D., Roman Empire split; Western Roman Empire (capital: Rome) and Eastern Roman Empire (capital: Constantinople)
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| The Byzantine Empire adopted this form of Christianity? | show 🗑
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| Empress Theodora | show 🗑
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| Huang He Valley | show 🗑
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| show | used to contact spirits
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| Forum | show 🗑
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| show | Rome’s greatest public speaker
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| Julian Calendar | show 🗑
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| Thucydides | show 🗑
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| show | nobles whose wealth came from the land they owned
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| show | officials are appointed for government positions
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| Tenant farmers | show 🗑
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| show | prosper during Roman Empire. Farmers, unskilled worker slaves do not benefit from this time
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| show | helped Roman trade
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| show | taking control marks the fall of Western Roman Empire
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| 3 Sumerian inventions | show 🗑
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| show | King Neb.
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| This is the faith of the Israleites | show 🗑
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