OCR GCSE 21st Century Science Unit 2 B4, B5, B6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What do plant cells have that animal cells don't? | Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts
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| What is a cell wall in a plant cell made from? | cellulose
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| what does the vacuole contain? | a weak solution of sugar and salts
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| what are chloroplasts for? | photosynthesis
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| what is different about a bacteria? | they have no nucleus or mitochondria
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| what do bacteria have instead of a nucleus? | they have a circular molecule of dna floating around the cytoplasm
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| what are enzymes? | biological catalysts
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| what happens to an enzyme in too hot conditions? | the bonds holding the enzyme together will break so that the active site changes shape and so the substrate will not fit- denaturing
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| what happens to an enzyme when the pH is too high or too low? | it interferes with the bonds holding the enzyme together, changing the active site- denaturing
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| what is respiration? | a series of chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down large food molecules
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| what is the energy from respiration used for? | movement, active transport and synthesis of large molecules
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| what is the symbol of equation for aerobic respiration? | glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
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| how does aerobic respiration compare to anaerobic in terms of energy released? | aerobic respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule
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| where does anaerobic respiration take place? | animal cells, plant cells, bacterial cells
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| when might you use anaerobic respiration? | vigorous exercise when your body can't supply enough oxygen to your muscle cells
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| when might a plant use anaerobic respiration? | in waterlogged soil where the roots have no oxygen
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| when might bacteria cells use anaerobic respiration? | in wounds under the skin where there is little oxygen
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| what can anaerobic respiration produce in animals? | lactic acid
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| what does anaerobic respiration produce in plant cells and yeast? | ethanol and carbon dioxide
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| what is fermentation? | when microorganisms break down sugars into other products by anaerobic respiration
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| what is fermentation used for? | Biogas, bread making and alcohol
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| how is biogas made? | fermentation of carbohydrates to produce methane and carbon dioxide
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| how does bread rise? | yeast ferment carbohydrates releasing carbon dioxide, causing the read to rise
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| how is alcohol made? | yeast ferments sugar to form ethanol
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| where does photosynthesis occur? | the cells of the green parts of plants and some microorganisms such as phytoplankton
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| why does photosynthesis only happen if plants are green? | it requires chlorophyl, which absorbs sunlight and allows the energy to used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose
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| what is the equation for photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen
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| how do plants use glucose? | respiration, growth, and energy stores
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| how is glucose used for plant growth? | glucose is converted into cellulose, or combined with nitrogen to make amino acids for proteins, or to help make cholorphyll
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| how is glucose used for plant energy stores? | glucose is stored as starch for times when photosynthesis rate is slower, like in winter
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| what are the three factors that affect photosynthesis? | light, carbon dioxide, and water
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| how does light affect the rate of photosynthesis? | the rate of photosynthesis will only increase to the optimum rate, when it no longer is a limiting factor
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| how does carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis? | the rate of photosynthesis will only increase to the optimum rate, when it is no longer a limiting factor
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| how does temperature affect rate of photosynthesis? | too low temperatures will slow down the enzymes, and too hot will denature the enzymes needed for photosynthesis, usually about 45degrees C
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