Ecology vocabulary
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| abiotic factor | A physical factor of the environment such as water, light, temperature, soil, air.
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| aquatic | Of or pertaining to water.
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| autotroph | An organism that can use the energy from the Sun or chemical reactions to make organic nutrients from
inorganic materials.
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| biodiversity | Differences and variety in the organisms and their roles in an ecosystem.
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| biomass pyramid | A diagram in the shape of a pyramid, showing the relative mass of organisms. The mass is greatest at the
producer level and lessens as it goes to the higher consumer levels.
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| carnivore | An organism that eats other animals.
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| carrying capacity | The maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can support without deteriorating
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| community | All the plant and animal populations in a given area.
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| conifer | A plant that bears cones and has needle-like leaves.
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| consumer | A heterotroph; an organism that cannot make its own food and must ingest (eat) organic nutrients.
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| deciduous trees | Trees that loose their leaves.
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| decomposers | Organisms of decay which convert organic compounds into inorganic compounds
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| dynamic equilibrium | A balanced state of the body or a system; for example, homeostasis or a predator-prey relationship.
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| ecosystem | The interaction of living things and their nonliving environment.
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| energy pyramid, pyramid of energy | A diagram in the shape of a pyramid that shows the relative amount of available energy at each feeding level
as you move from producers to decomposers in an ecosystem.
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| evolution | The process of change in living things through time.
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| feedback | A mechanism that responds to change by causing a response
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| food chain | A series of organisms, starting with a producer, through which food energy is passed in an ecosystem.
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| food web | A series of interconnecting food chains in an ecosystem. Arrows show the direction that energy is moving
in.
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| herbivore | A heterotroph that only feeds on plants
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| heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food and therefore must ingest (eat) organic nutrients.
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| hibernation | A state of lowered metabolic rate experienced by some animals, usually during cold weather. The animal
survives on stored body fat
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| inorganic | A compound that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen
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| lichen |
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| limiting factor | A nonliving, physical factor that limits the type of organisms that can exist in a particular ecosystem
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| organic compound | A compound that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen.
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| population | All the members of the same species living together in a given region and capable of interbreeding
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| producers | Organisms that can use the energy from the Sun or chemical reactions to make organic nutrients from
inorganic materials
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| recycling | The process of reusing materials rather than throwing them away.
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| scavenger | A carnivore that feeds on dead animals it finds.
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| secondary consumers | In a food chain, carnivores that eat primary consumers or herbivores
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| speciation | The process by which one species can evolve into two or more species because of geographic isolation
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| species | A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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| succession | The replacement of one type of community by another until the stable climax community is reached, which
remains in place until it is destroyed by some catastrophe.
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