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Exam 2

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Question
Answer
What are cataracts?   Lens disorder. Cloudiness of the eye's LENS - causes vision loss  
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What are the lens for? How do they function?   Lens focus light onto retina. Made of mostly water and protein. Proteins arranged in precise way - keeps lens clear for light to pass through.  
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Pathophysiology of cataracts?   In age, protein may clump together and cloud small area of the lens.  
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Population of those affected with cataracts?   Over 65 years old. 60-90 % of Americans over 65 yo. More common in women.  
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Generally, where does cataracts begin in the lens?   Periphery of the lens, spreading out to the central portion  
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What are the risk factors for cataracts?   - Aging- smoking- Congenital defect (German measles during pregnancy)- Long term use of coricosteroid drugs- Systemic disease: DM or hyPOthyroidism- Exposure to radiation/long hrs of bright sunlight  
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Congenital cataracts: explain how?   Can be present at birth.German measles during pregnancy, unborn child may get cataracts.  
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Cataracts and smoking   Smoking can potentially damage lens proteins and fiber cell membrane in the lens.  
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Name the types of cataracts   1. Immature (portion of lens)2. Mature (opacity of entire lens)  
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Describe mature cataracts   Opacity of the entire lensMost significant form of cataractAppearance of "frost on a window"Ripen cataracts  
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Describe clinical manifestation of cataracts   Starts out small, little effect on visionMay notice slight blurred vision (looking through cloudy glass)- Dimmed colors- Problem driving @ night (glare w/ oncoming headlights)- Freq. Rx change in glasses-Double visionRipen cataract:waterfall  
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