Plant Nutrtion
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| Which of the following describes the fate of most of the water taken up by a plant? | It is lost during transpiration
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| Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of: | CO2 through stomata in leaves
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| Organic molecules make up what percentage of the dry weight of a plant? | 96%
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| In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute? | to provide oxygen to root cells
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| Which two elements make up more than 90% of the dry weight of plants? | oxygen and carbon
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| The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from... | CO2
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| What are the three main elements of which plant growth and development depend? | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
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| Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant? | sulur- component of DNA; activates some enzymes
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| In the nutrition of a plant, which element is classified as a macronutrient? | calcium
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| Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element? | P
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| Which of the following is not true of micronutrients in plants? | They are essential elements of small size and molecular weight.
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| A growing plant exhibits hclorosis of the leaves of the entire plant. The chlorosis is probably deficiency of which of the following macronutrients? | nitrogen
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| What is meant by the term chlorosis? | the yellowing of leaves due to decreased production
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| Iron deficiency is often indicated by chlorosis in newly formed leaves. This suggests that ... | iron is an immobile nutrient in plants
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| A soil well suited for the growth of most plant would have all the following properties except ... | a high pH
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| What soils is are the most fertile... | both humus and loam.
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| Why does overwatering a plant kill it? | The roots drowned (cannot get air)
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| What should be added to soil to prevent minerals from leaching away? | humus
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| The N-P-K percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the... | percentages of three important mineral nutrients.
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| A young farmer purchases some land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reason profit for many years. which of the following strategies would best allow such a goal to be achieved? | selecting crops adapted to arid areas
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| A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable... | sustainable agriculture
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| An early use of indicator plants (plants that tolerate high levels of heavy metals in the soil) was to locate potential profitable areas to mine for those minerals. A current use for such plants is: | bioremediation to help clean up mine soils.
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| Nitrogen fixation is a process that.. | converts nitrogen gas to ammonia.
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| Why is nitrogen fixation such an important process? | fixed nitrogen is most often the limiting factor in plant growth
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| In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants? | Only nitrogen requires the action of bacteria to be made available to plants.
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| Most crop plants acquire their nitrogen mainly in the form of... | NO3-
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| The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to... | NH3
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| The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consmption... | breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids.
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| Among important crop plants, nitrogen-fixing root nodules are most commonly an attribute of ... | legumes
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| If a legume is infected with rhizobium, what is the probable effect on the plant? | It obtains nitrogen from nitrogen fixation.
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| You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots. You notice swellings (root nodules) on the roots. Most likely your plant .. | is benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium.
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| How do legume plant roots communicate Rhizobium bacteria.. | Flavonoids trigger gene-regulating protein in bacterium.
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| A woodlot was sprayed with a fungicide. What would the most serious effect on such spraying | a decrease in tree growth due to death mycorrhizae
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| What is the mutualistic association between roots and fungi called? | mycorrhizae
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| Hyphae form a covering over roots. Altogether hyphae create a large surface area and do which of the following? | aid in absorbing minerals and ions
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| Which of the following is a primary difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae? | Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes.
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| The earliest vascular plants on land had underground stems (rhizomes) but no roots. Water and mineral nutrients were most likely obtained by... | absorption by symbiotic fungi
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| Dwarf mistletoe grows on many pine trees in the Rockies. Although the mistletoe is green, it is probably not sufficiently active in photosynthesis to produce all the sugar it needs. The mistletoe also produces haustoria. So it is best classified as | a parasite.
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| What are epiphytes? | plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts
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| Carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. The products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of ... | minerals
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| What process is the source of the CO2 that root hairs release into the soil? | cellular respiration
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| Roots expend ATP to pump ________ ions from the root to the soil and by doing so displace mineral ions bound to soil particles. | H+
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| Acid precipitation.. | decreases soil fertility
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| Denitriifying bacteria covert ------- to -------. | nitrates: nitrogen gas
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