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The following terms will be used throughout the school year. Please study!

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Term
Definition
Exposition   a fancy word for the beginning of the story - where the author “sets the stage”  
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Setting   the when and/or where the story takes place  
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Characters   the people, animals, or things in a story  
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Protagonist   the main character in a story (ex: Katniss from "The Hunger Games"; Russell Trainor from )  
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Antagonist   the character and/or force working against the protagonist  
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Supporting   not a major character; doesn’t affect the plot or resolution  
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Conflict   struggles between opposing forces. There are many types of conflicts (EX: character vs. character; character vs. self, etc.)  
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Internal Conflict   takes place inside the character; it’s a struggle within the character; inside himself or herself  
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External Conflict   takes place outside the body; it’s between the character and an outside force  
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Rising Action   is series of action that sets up the conflict - in this part of the story tension builds, and works its way up to the climax/crisis/turning point  
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Climax/Crisis/Turning Point   the high point or turning point where the conflict comes to a head and is decided for one side or the other (usually the most exciting point in the story); after this the reader can often predict the stories ending  
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Falling Action   events that happen after the climax/crisis/turning point; sometimes the falling action is non-existent because the resolution/conclusion occurs immediately after the climax/crisis/turning point)  
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Resolution   the point of closure - also called the conclusion - when the conflict is worked out - the end  
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Point of View   outlook from which a story is told; refers to speaker, narrator, or voice; depends on two factors: physical situation of the narrator as an observer and speaker’s - intellectual and emotional position  
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First Person Point of View   narrator is a character and everything is observed and felt through that character only (I, We,)  
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Second Person Point of View   narrator is telling the story to another character using "you" (choose your own adventure books)  
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Third Person Limited Point of View   focuses on the thoughts and feelings of one character and observes the plot through their eyes (he, she, they)  
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Third Person Omniscient Point of View   narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems and stands “outside” of story looking in (all- knowing, he, she, they)  
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Objective   states the facts and the facts only  
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Subjective   states opinions, thoughts, feelings, and perceptions occurring in a character’s mind  
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Central Idea   the most important topic of any piece of media  
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Theme   a lesson learned  
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Literal   taking words in their usual or most basic meaning; free from exaggeration  
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Figurative   departing from a literal meaning of words; exaggeration  
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Simile   an expression comparing one thing to another, using the words “like” or “as”  
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Metaphor   an expression that equates or compares two different things, without using the words “like” or “as”  
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Idiom   an expression with a meaning different from the literal meaning of the individual words. (getting cold feet = nervous)  
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Symbolism   when something stands for something else  
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Alliteration   the repetition of the same consonant sound in words occurring near one another  
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Onomatopoeia   the use of a word that sounds like its meaning  
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Personification   the giving of a personal nature or human characteristic to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form  
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Allusion   a reference to something or someone who is well-known  
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Hyperbole   exaggerated statement or claims not meant to be taken literally  
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Analyze   examine in detail the structure of something, especially information, for the purpose of explaining and interpreting  
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Argument   a reason or set of reasons given with the purpose of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong  
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Cite   quote as evidence for an argument or statement; mention as an example  
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Claim   state that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof  
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Compare   discuss the similarities and differences  
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Contrast   discuss ONLY the differences  
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Connotative   suggest in addition to the literal meaning  
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Demonstrate   clearly show the truth of something by giving proof or evidence  
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Dialogue   conversation between two or more people  
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Evidence   providing facts or information indicating whether a belief is true or valid  
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Explicit   stated clearly; evidence can be found and pulled directly from text to support answer  
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Explanatory Writing   writing for the purpose to explain  
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Focus   the topic being written and/or read about  
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Inference   conclusion reached based on the evidence provided  
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Literary Text   a piece of written material, such as a book or poem, that has the purpose of telling a story or entertaining, as in a fictional novel  
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Narrative Writing   fiction or nonfiction writing that is focused on telling a story  
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Persuasive Writing   form of writing in which someone tries to get readers to agree with a position  
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Structure   how a piece of writing is organized  
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Summary   a brief statement of the main points of something  
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Support   examples that help an argument or explanation hold true  
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Plot   the series of events in a story that gives it structure and direction  
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