vocabulary quiz
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| mitosis | is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells. The word
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| cytokinesis | is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells.
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| replication | makes a copy of itself. DNA replication or DNA synthesis, the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule. Semiconservative replication, mechanism of DNA replication. Viral replication, the process by which viruses produce copies of themselves.
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| cell cycle | The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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| chromatid | A chromatid (Greek khrÅmat- 'color' + -id) is one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the other copy by a single centromere. Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule.
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| chromosomes | Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
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| centromere | The centromere is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids or a dyad. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore.
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| gonad | an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.
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| gametogenesis | Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes
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| polar bodies | A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed concomitantly as an egg cell during oogenesis, but which generally does not have the ability to be fertilized. When certain diploid cells in animals undergo cytokinesis
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| synapsis | is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis.
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| haploid | is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes. A normal eukaryote organism is composed of diploid cells, one set of chromosomes from each parent. However, after meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is halved.
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| sperm | short for spermatozoon.
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| ovum | Ovum is an independent analyst and consultancy firm headquartered in London, specializing in global coverage of IT, and telecommunications industries. It began operations in 1985. Wikipedia
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| gamete | a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
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