Renal
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| GFR in children is what % below adult level? | 30
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| Children are more prone to infections due to what being shorter? | Urethra
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| What two renal tubes are immature at birth? | Proximal/distal tubes, loop of henle
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| What is the hallmark sign of kidney/bladder infection? | Pain
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| Term for consistent decrease in urine production | Oliguria
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| Term for absence of urine production | Anuria
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| Formed from breakdown of amino acids by the liver | Urea
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| Product released during muscle cell metabolism | Creatinine
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| What decides to eliminate or retain? | Kidneys
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| These in the urine suggest a low filtration rate | Casts
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| A urine specimen must be taken to the lab within ____ minutes. Can refrigerate up to ___ hours. | 30, 2
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| Normal creatinine clearance is ____mg/100 mL | 0.7-1.5
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| What lab measures urea in blood and is used to assess glomerular function? | BUN
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| BUN level may not increase until _____% of glomeruli destroyed | 50
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| With _____ test, dye is iodine based. Check for allergies! | IVP
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| What test is an XR of kidney, ureter, and bladder? | KUB
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| What test views adequacy of urine flow? | CT scan
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| What is a Cystourethrogram? | XR while voiding
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| What test reveals structure of urethra and bladder and presence of reflux in ureters? | Cystourethrogram
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| What test is direct visualization and child received conscious sedation? | Cystoscopy
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| With is post care for renal biopsy? | Hold pressure on Bx site 15 min plus pressure dressing. VS q15mx4. Force fluids. Restrict activity 24h or until no hematuria present
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| Hypospadias tends to be familial and is associated with what? | Undescended testicles
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| Management of Epi- and Hypospadias includes a delay of circumcision. Urethroplasty is delayed until what age? | 12-18 mo. Could wait until 3-4 yo
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| What is the post-op care for Epi-/Hypospadias? | Foley, analgesics, antispasmodic (Ditropan) at least until foley is out
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| UTI mostly caused by what organism? | Gram neg rod (E coli)
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| Child will have high fever, flank pain, V, malaise if what area UTI? | Upper UTI/pyelonephritis
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| If infection where, child may have low or no fever, mild abd pain, and enuresis | Confined to bladder/cystitis
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| Urine C&S positive for bacteria is > _______ | 100,000
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| Urine C&S counts between _____ and ____ repeated | 10,000-100,000
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| Urine C&S negative if count <_____ | 10,000
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| UA for UTI may be positive for ___ and ____ | Protein, RBC
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| Bactrim, Septra, PCN, and Macrodantin are used to treat what? | UTI
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| Repeat UA when _____ are complete | ATB
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| May need prophylactic ATB for _____ mo following UTI | 6
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| This disease is retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters. Can't empty bladder completely. | Vesicoureteral Reflux
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| This disease predisposes child to pyelonephritis and hydronephritis | Vesicoureteral Reflux
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| CT scan, voiding cystourethrogram, or cystoscopy are used to Dx what? | Vesicoureteral Reflux
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| Double voiding or q3h schedule is used for management of what disease? | Vesicoureteral Reflux
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| Vesicoureteral Reflux may resolve on its own with maturity, but may need Sx to reposition what? | Ureters
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| What are the normal ages for daytime/nighttime bladder control? | 2-3yo/4yo
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| How many mL for bladder stretching? | 300-350 mL
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| Desmopressin/DDAVP, and Ditropan are used for what condition? | Enuresis
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| Med: Can be intranasal or PO. Antidiuretic. Decreased urinary output. | Desmopressin/DDAVP
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| Med: Decreases bladder contractions | Ditropan/anticholineric
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| Immune complex disease occurring after strep infection. Inflammation of glomeruli | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| Scarring, decreased GFR, and accumulation of Na and H2O in blood are associated with what disease? | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| What fluid volume disorder is associated with Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis | Excess fluid volume
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| IgG antibodies against strep may be detected in bloodstream with this disease | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| Any child with strep, tonsilitis, otitis media, or impetigo should have what two weeks after infection | UA
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| Protein levels with Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis are found to be +____ to +____ | 1, 4
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| UA for this disease will show WBC, RBC, Casts and will also have an increased sp grav. Also hypoalbumineria. Increased ASO titer | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| If not treated immediately for this disease, person can develop HF, cardiac enlargement, pulm edema, liver complications, and EKG changes | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| With Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis, protein may be present in urine for how long? | Up to one year
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| Assess for anecephaly, HA, irritability, seizure, coma, transitory paralysis for HTN BP of ___/____ | 160/100
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| Digoxin, O2, Semi-fowlers position, CCB, Phos binders, Kayexalate may be used in treatment of what? | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| Frequently hyperkalemia with this condition | Acute Post Strep Glomerulonephritis
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| This disease can occur in both, but typically one kidney and is associated with other anomalies such as hypospadias, talipes, cryptochidism | Wilm's Tumor/Nephroblastoma
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| If no mets with Wilm's Tumor/Nephroblastoma, the cure rate is | 5yr/90%
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| Peak time when Wilm's Tumor/Nephroblastoma is how old? How? | 3-4 yo. Family usually finds while bathing or playing with child.
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| Wilm's Tumor/Nephroblastoma is diagnosed by what two tests? | CT or US
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| What position post-op for Wilm's Tumor/Nephroblastoma? | Semi-fowler's
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| Disease which one or both testicles fail to descend from abdominal cavity into scrotum | Cryptochidism
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| Testicle usually descends during months 6-9 of intrauterine life, but can be up to ___ months of age | 6
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| Pt is given up to how long for testicle descent | 1 yr
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| What is given to stimulate descent of testicle? | Chorionic gonadotropin
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| Orchipexy is completed at about age ___ to treat what? | 1, Cryptochidism
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