Therapy - AP Psychology, Chapter 17
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| Psychotherapy | An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties (used for learned disorders, like phobias)
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| Biomedical therapy | Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system (used for biologically rooted disorders, like schizophrenia)
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| Eclectic approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
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| Psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously-repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain insight
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| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
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| Interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's thoughts on supposed dream meanings, resistances, etc. meant to promote insight
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| Transference | In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred of a parent)
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| Psychodynamic therapy | Influenced by Freud, but attempts to understand a patient's current systems by looking at all relationships rather than just childhood experiences
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| Client-centered therapy | A humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rodgers in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening in a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate a client's growth
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| Behavior therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
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| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors, based on classical conditioning, includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning
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| Exposure therapies | Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
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| Systematic desensitization | A type of counterconditioning/exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually-increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli, used to treat phobias
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| Virtual reality exposure therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
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| Aversive conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
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| Token economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for some kind of privileges/treats
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| Cognitive therapies | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
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| Cognitive-behavior therapy | A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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| Family therapy | Therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by the family, and attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication
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| Psychopharmacology | The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
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| Tardive dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs - a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
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| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
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| Meta-analysis | A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
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| Repetitive transcranial stimulation | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
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| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
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| Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients - involves cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobe to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
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