Module 3: Ecosystems and Sustainability - Key Terms
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| Ecosystem | all the living organisms and all the non-living components in a specific habitat, and their interactions
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| Habitat | the place where an organism lives
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| Population | all the organisms of one species, who live in the same place at the same time, and can breed together
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| Community | all the populations of different species who live in the same place at the same time, and can interact with each other
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| Producer | an autotrophic organism that converts light energy to chemical energy, which is then supplied to consumers
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| Consumer | a living organism that feeds on another living organism
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| Decomposer | an organism that feeds on dead organic matter
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| Trophic Level | the level at which an organism feeds in a food chain
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| Niche | the role that a species plays in an ecosystem
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| Productivity | a measure of the rate at which energy passes through each trophic level in a food chain
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| Primary Productivity | the rate of production of new biomass by producers; the total energy fixed by photosynthesis and used to synthesise organic molecules
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| Net Primary Productivity | gross primary productivity minus the energy lost; the total amount of energy available to primary consumers
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| Succession | a directional change in a community of organisms over time
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| Sere | an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community
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| Conservation | the maintenance of biodiversity, including diversity between species, genetic diversity within species, and maintenance of a variety of habitats and ecosystems; but the area can still be sustainably exploited
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| Preservation | protection of species by leaving their habitat completely untouched
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| Carrying Capacity | the maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat
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| Biotic Factors | factors resulting from the living organisms in an ecosystem: food supply, predation and disease
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| Abiotic Factors | factors resulting from the non-living components of an ecosystem: pH, temperature and soil type
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| Gross Primary Productivity | the rate at which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
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| Nitrification | the oxidation of ammonium ions to nitrite ions or nitrate ions by chemoautotrophic bacteria
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| Denitrification | the conversion of nitrate ions back to nitrogen gas
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| Nitrogen Fixation | the conversion of nitrogen gas to organic nitrogen in the soil (e.g. ammonium ions)
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| Limiting Factor | a factor that, when in short supply, limits the rate of a reaction or limits growth
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| Competition | the interaction of organisms when resources are not present in adequate amounts to satisfy the needs of all the organisms who depend on those resources
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| Coppicing | cutting a tree trunk close to the ground to encourage new growth
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| Biodiversity | the variety and variability of life; within species, between species and between ecosystems
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