Terms for Year 10 Genetics
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Gene | A section of a chromosome (or DNA ) which codes for a protein to produce a characteristic.
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| Chromosome | A coiled up piece of DNA. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of a cell.
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| D.N.A. | (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Contains all an organism's genetic information. This molecule is what chromosomes are made of.
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| Alleles | Alternative forms of a gene. There are often dominant and recessive alleles for the same gene.
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| Heterozygous | A pair of alleles where there is a dominant and a recessive allele.
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| Homozygous | A pair of alleles where either both genes are recessive or both genes are dominant.
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| Dominant | A gene whose characteristic always appears even if only one copy is inherited.
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| Recessive | A gene whose characteristic only appears if copies are inherited from both parents.
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| Mutation | A ‘mistake’ in a gene or chromosome which usually occurs when it replicates.
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| Gamete | These are reproductive cells. They contain half the number of chromosomes of a body cell. Animal gametes are egg and sperm, plant gametes are pollen and ovule.
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| Mitosis | This type of cell division occurs in body cells. The chromosomes replicate so that the two new cells both have the same genetic composition as the original cell.
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| Meiosis | This type of cell division produces gametes. The chromosomes divide so that each new cell has half the number of the original cell.
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| Genotype | The combination of alleles that an individual has e.g. homozygous dominant, BB.
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| Phenotype | The physical appearance of an individual as a result of their genotype.
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| Asexual reproduction | This is reproduction with only one parent. The offspring are clones of their parent.
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| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction where there are two parents and there is genetic recombination.
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| Continuous characteristic | A characteristic which shows a continuous range in a population e.g height
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| Discontinuous (or discrete) characteristic | A characteristic which has 2 possible outcomes e.g. tongue rolling
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| Nucleus | The organelle in which genetic information is found within a cell.
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| Variation | The difference between organisms
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| Karyotype | A photo of the chromosomes in an organism, organised in pairs from longest to shortest
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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