Ch. 10 - Basic Biopharmaceutics
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| agonists | drug that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function
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| antagonists | drugs that bind w/ receceptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing oother drugs or substances from activating them.
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| receptor | the cellular material located at the site of action that interacts w/ the drug
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| site of action | the location where an administered drug produces an effect
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| selective (action) | the characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors and tissues.
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| duration of action | the time drug concetration is above the Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
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| Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) | the blood concetration needed for a drug to produce a response.
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| Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC) | the upper limit of the therapeutic window. Drug concetrations above the MTC increase the risk of undesired effects.
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| onset of action | the time MEC is reached and the response occurs
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| therapeutic window | a drug's blood concentration range between its MEC and MTC.
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| active transport | the movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; cellular energy is required.
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| disposition | a term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together.
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| elimination | the processes of metabolism and excretion
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| hydrophilic | capable of associating w/ or absorbing water.
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| hydrophobic | water repelling; cannot associate w/ water.
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| lipoidal | fat-like substance
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| passive diffusion | the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentrationto lower concentration
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| absorption | the movement of a drug from the dosage formulation to the blood
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| gastric emptying time | the time a drug will stay in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine
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| complexation | when different molecules associate or attach to each other
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| protein binding | the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tisssue protein, effectively making the drug inactive, but also keeping it within the body.
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| enterohepatic cycling | the transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gallbladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation
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| enzyme | a complex protein that catalyzes chemical reactions
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| enzyme induction | the increase in hepatice enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs
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| enzyme inhibition | the decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs
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| first-pass metabolism | the substantial degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation.
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| metabolite | the substance resulting from the body's transformation of an administered drug.
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| glomerular filtration | the blood filtering process of the nephron
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| nephron | the functional unit of the kidney
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| absolute bioavailbility | the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in a rapidly administered IV solution
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| bioavailability | the amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs.
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| relative bioavailability | the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution.
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| bioequivalency | the comparison of bioavalability beween two dosage forms.
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| pharmaceutical alternative | drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount, or dosage form.
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| phamaceutical equivalent | drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form.
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| therapeutic equivalent | pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients
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