A Beka Book Chapter 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Low | A region of lower pressure near the ground
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| High | A region of higher pressure
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| How are lows formed? | A higher-than-normal heat concentration will produce convection currents of warm air, creating a low near the ground because of the lower heat concentrations of air
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| How are highs formed? | Lower-than-normal heat concentrations will produce currents of sinking air, creating a high as the sinking air "piles up" near the ground
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| If allowed, air will always flow from a(n) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (a high) toward ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (a low). | a region of higher pressure, a region of lower pressure.
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| Winds blow toward regions of ___ ___ and away from regions of ___ ___. | low pressure, high pressure
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| Unequal heating at the equator and poles produces ___ ___ on a global scale. | convection currents
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| Convection cell | A complete loop of circulating air
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| The Hadley cell | The convection cell that exists between the equator and latitude 30°
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| Polar cell | A convection cell that is on latitude 60°
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| Ferrell cell | Convection cell that exists from latitude 60° to latitude 30° (different from the others)
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| Coriolis effect | The way in which the earth's rotation causes a change in the course of the winds
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| Inertia | The tendency for matter to stay at rest if at rest or continue moving if in motion; the first factor of the Coriolis effect
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| Inertia makes an object tend to keep the ___ ___ of motion with which it started out. | same condition
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| The second factor of the Coriolis effect is that objects on the earth's rotating surface travel at different speeds depending on ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___. | their distance from the earth's axis
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| The further a place is from the earth's axis the ___ ___ ___. | faster it turns
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| The combined effect of the two factors cause the apparent ___ in the earth's winds as they move north and south. | shift
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| Cyclone | A circulating spiral around a low
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| In the Northern Hemisphere a cyclone rotates ___. | counterclockwise
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| In the Northern Hemisphere an anticyclone rotates ___. | clockwise
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| Anticyclone | A wind system around a high
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| Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) | The surface from the Northern and Southern hemispheres converge and rise at this region of low pressure.
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| Light breezes blow in the ITCZ, but there are are frequent ___, or periods of wind. | calms
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| In the days of sailing vessels the ITCZ was known as the ___, because sailing ships were often left their. | doldrums (from a word meaning "inactive" or "dull")
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| The regions around the ITCZ usually have a(n) ___ ___. | tropical climate
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| Horse latitudes | Regions of high pressure and gentle winds at about 30° north and south latitude
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| Most of the world's ___ are located in or near the horse latitudes. | deserts
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| Trade winds | blow from the horse latitudes toward the equator
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, the trade winds blow from the northeast toward the southwest and are known as the ___ ___ ___. | northeast trade winds
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| Winds are named from the direction from which they come rater than for the direction in which they are going. | :)<3:)
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| South of the equator, the trade winds blow from the southeast toward the northwest and are called the ___ ___ ___. | southeast trade winds
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| Polar easterlies | The winds in the Northern and Southern hemisphere
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, the polar easterlies are referred to as ___ ____. | polar northeasterlies
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| In the Southern Hemisphere, the polar easterlies are referred to as ___ ____. | polar southeasterlies
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| Prevailing westerlies | Winds that blow toward the poles, therefore "outrunning" the earth's surface so that they come out of the southwest or northwest
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, polar easterlies blow from the southwest and are called___ | southwesterlies
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| In the Southern Hemisphere, polar easterlies blow from the northwest and are called___ | northwesterlies
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| Jet streams | High altitude winds that blow in different directions
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| Subtropical jet stream | occurs near latitude 30° (between the tropics and the subtropics)
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| Polar front jet stream | Occurs around 50° and 60° latitude
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| Rossby waves | Upper troposphere waves
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| Monsoon effect | The seasonal change in wind direction
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| Monsoons | Winds that reverse their direction from season to season (also called monsoon winds)
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| ___, especially in the India-Pakistan area has the most pronounced monsoons. | Asia
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| Cooler air from over the water blows inland during the afternoon, producing a gentle ___ ___. | sea breeze (or lake breeze if the body of water in a lake)
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| Land breeze | A cool, gentle wind that blows from the land to the sea
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| Forest breeze | A cool breeze that occurs at the forest's edge
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| Anabatic winds | Upslope movements of air
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| Katabatic winds | Downslope winds
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| Fall wind | Occurs when dense, cold air flows from higher to lower elevations due to gravity's pull increasing its speed while moving over the slope's edge and down the slope
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| One well-known fall wind which occurs in southern France | Mistral
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| Foehns | Warm, dry winds that travel down mountain slopes
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| Chinooks | what Foehns on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains are known as
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| A well-known wind similar to the foehn | Santa Ana
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