Study Guide Chpt.4 S
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| Mendeleev created the first periodic table by arranging elements in order of | increasing atomic mass
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| How did chemists change Mendeleev's periodic table in the early 1900s? | They used atomic number instead of the atomic mass to organize the elements
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| From an element's location in the periodic table, you can predict | Its properties
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| Which of these statements about a column of the periodic table is true? | The elements have similar properties
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| The factor that determines how an atom interacts with the other atoms is its | number if valence electrons
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| Which of the following have the same number and arrangement of valence electrons | elements in a group
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| Which of the following is not a physical property of most metals? | being a liquid at room temperature
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| Which of the following about metals is true? | Metals show a wide range of chemical properties
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| In the periodic table, the most reactive metals are found | in Group 1, the first column on the left
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| Which group of elements have two valence electrons in their atoms | alkaline earth metals
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| Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table? | to the right of the zigzag line
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| Which group contains the most elements | metals
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| At room temperature more than half of the nonmetals are | gases
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| which member of the carbon family is a nonmetal | carbon
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| how does nuclear fusion create new elements inside stars? | small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei
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| The sun is made up of mostly | hydrogen
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| Where are metals located in the periodic table | to the left of the zigzag line
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| In which part of an atom are the valence electrons located | farthest from the nucleus
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| The elements in a row of the periodic table | are in the same period
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| The elements in a column of the periodc table | are in the same family
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| What information in the periodic table indicated the number of protons in an atom? | the element's atomic number
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| Which part of the atom move around the nucleus | electrons
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| The atomic number of an element is based on the | number of protons in its nucleus
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| What prediction did Mendeleev make that came true less than 20 years later | He said that three new elements would be discovered, and he described their properties
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| The two most common alkaline earth metals are | calcium and magnesium
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| Which of the following statements about transition metals is true | They are so similar that it's often difficult to find difference between them
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| Which group of elements share characteristics with both metals and nonmetals | metalloids
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| The elements that do not ordinarily form compounds are | noble gases
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| Which member of the carbon family is a metalloid | silicon
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| Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a group called | halogens
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| The modern periodic table is organized according to | atomic number
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| The horizontal rows in the periodic table are known as | periods
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| The elements in a group from the periodic table have ____ characteristics | similar
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| The elements in each ___ of the periodic table generally have the same number of valence electrons | group
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| Describing a metal as a ____ means that it can be pounded into shape | malleable
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| The most chemically active metals are in ___ of the periodic table | Group 1
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| Nonmetals can be found on the ___ side of the periodic table | right
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| In general, the physical properties of nonmetals are ___ to the properties of metals | different
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| Fusion is the process in which existing nuclei ___ and make new nuclei | combine
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| Atoms of the halogen family elements typically gain ____ when they react | one electron
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| Mendeleev discovered that periodic patterns appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing ___ | atomic mass
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| The property of an element that indicated the number if protons in its atoms is the ___ | atomic number
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| A column of elements in the periodic table is called a group, or ___ | family
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| The electrons in an atom that are involved in forming chemical bonds are called ___ | valence electrons
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| Elements that transmit electricity and heat easily are called good ___ | conductors
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| The chemical reactivity of metal tends to ___from left to right across the periodic table | decrease
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| Some elements on the right side if the periodic table from the molecules of two atoms each, which are called ____ molecules | diatomic
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| Nonmetals are __ conductors of heat and electricity | poor
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| Astronomers generally agree that the matter in the sun and its planets came from a _____ an explosion that broke apart a massive star billions of years ago | supernova
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| In the 1800s, Dimitri Mendeleev organized the first truly useful ____ | periodic table
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| An elements ____ can be predicted from its location in the periodic table | properties
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| Each chemical element is given a specific ___ that usually consists of one or two letters | chemical symbol
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| Elements in Group 1 have ___ valence electrons | one
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| Most metals are in the ___ state at room temperature | solid
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| Brass is a ____ formed by mixing copper and zinc | alloy
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| Elements known as ___ are located to the right of the metalloids on the periodic table | nonmetals
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| At room temperature, all the metalloids are solids, while most nonmetals are ___ | gases
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| A substance that will conduct electricity only under certain conditions is called a ____ | semiconductor
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| In stars, matter exists in the ____ state in which elements have been stripped away from the nuclei of atoms | plasma
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| When two nuclei combine in a ____ reaction, a huge amount of energy is released. | fusion
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