Chapter 11 & 12 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| gene pool | collection of alleles found in all of the individuals of a population
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| allele frequency | proportion of 1 allele, compared with all the alleles for that trait, in the gene pool
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| microevolution | observable change in the allele frequencies of a population over a few generations
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| directional selection | pathway of natural selection in which one uncommon phenotype is selected over 1 more common
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| stabilizing selection | natural selection where intermediate phenotypes are selected over phenotypes of both extremes
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| disruptive selection | natural selection where 2 opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are selected over the most common one
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| gene flow | physical movement of alleles from one population to another
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| genetic drift | change in allele frequencies, due to chance alone, occurring most commonly in small populations
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| bottleneck effect | genetic drift, results from an event that drastically reduces the size of a population
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| founder effect | genetic drift, occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area
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| sexual selection | certain traits enhance mating success , and are therefore passed on to offspring
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| reproductive isolation | last stage in speciation where members of isolated populations are either no longer able to mate or no longer able to produce viable offspring
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| speciation | evolution of 2 or more species from one ancestral species
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| behavioral isolation | isolation between populations due to differences in courtship/mating behavior
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| geographic isolation | isolation of populations die to the physical barriers between them
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| temporal isolation | isolation between populations due to barriers related to time; such as differences in mating periods or time when individuals are most active
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| convergent evolution | evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species, because of adaptations to similar environmental conditions
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| divergent evolution | evolution of one or more closely related species into different species, because of adaptations to different environmetal conditions
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| coevolution | process in which 2 or more species evolve in response to changes in each other
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| punctuated equilibrium | the theory that speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly, followed by long periods of little evolutionary change
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| adaptive radiation | 1 species evolves, gives rise to many descendant species that occupy different ecological niches
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| index fossils | fossils of an organism that existed during only specific spans of geologic time across large geographic areas
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| cyanobacteria | bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis
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| endosymbiosis | ecological relationship in which one organism lives within the body of another
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