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Interpreting and Utilizing Clinical Statistics

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
T:FA pooly designed study can not be statistically evaluated   show
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T:F, A poorly appied statistical test can never be evaluated   show
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What type of statistics makes an assumption from a sample to a population   show
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show Descriptive  
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P-value and Confidence interval are used in what type of statistics   show
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show central tendency and variability  
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Average for a set of numbers   show
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middlemost value ina set of ranked data   show
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most frequently occuring number in a data set   show
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show range, standard deviation, standard error of the mean (SEM)  
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What measure of variability relates the sample to the population   show
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show yes  
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show No  
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T:F, Causality and certainty are synonomous   show
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What does the null hypothesis state?   show
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What type of error is described by "A false positive"   show
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show when you fasly conclude that there is no difference when in fact there really is. false negative  
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What type of error is seen when you reject the null when you really should have accepted it   show
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What is alpha   show
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show 5%  
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show Flase. Both need to be established a priori  
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show alpha  
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What is the risk of making a type 2 error   show
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How would you calculate Beta   show
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What is usually the normal designation for a value of beta   show
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show true  
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What is another name for hpothesis of no difference   show
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show increase alpha (significance level) or increase sample size OR make assumptions (specifically one sided assumptions) or reduce variability)  
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Which type of tailed test accounts for the possibility that the drug will be inferior to the control   show
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What's one example of a downfall of a one-sided test   show
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LDL cholesteril is an example of what kind of measurement   show
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show 1 SD- 68.3%, 2 SD- 95.5%, 3SD- 99.7%  
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What is the mean and SD in a normal distribution?   show
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show False. This will happen as the sample size INCREASES  
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show NO. normal distribution is determined by sample size. there has to be a sample size of at least 30 to be normally distributed  
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show parametric = normall distributed, continuous data. Nonparametric = not nor. dist., nominal data or ordinal data  
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show p-value  
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the p-value is the risk of experiencing what type of error, a fale positive or a fale negative?   show
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How would you interpret a p<.05. What does ttha mean? How would you describe that value in words?   show
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If the p-value is to high, what should we do to the null hypothesis   show
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show FALSE! The p-value infers nothing about clinical significance! It relates to statistical significance!  
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show post hoc  
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show FaLSE, the larger the sample size the more narrow the confidence interval  
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show small  
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What value gives you statistical significance   show
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show CI  
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show (High - low)/ high  
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What is the equation for absolute risk reduction?   show
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what is the equation for number needed to treat   show
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What is the relative risk reduction?   show
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show absolute differences between the probabilities of the treatment even rate and control even rate  
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show the number if subjects needed to treat over a period of time in order to see the benefits of a therapy in 1 subject  
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show NNT  
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show the number needed to treat before you experience one adverse reaction  
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show 1-ARR  
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show Smaller sample sizes detect a large difference. large sample sizes detect small differences  
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