Interpreting and Utilizing Clinical Statistics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | False. It can be evaluated
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| show | True.
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| What type of statistics makes an assumption from a sample to a population | show 🗑
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| What type of stats summarizes the essential characteristics of a data set | show 🗑
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| P-value and Confidence interval are used in what type of statistics | show 🗑
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| What are 2 examples of measurements that descriptive stats evaluates | show 🗑
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| Average for a set of numbers | show 🗑
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| middlemost value ina set of ranked data | show 🗑
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| show | mode
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| show | range, standard deviation, standard error of the mean (SEM)
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| show | SEM
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| Does hypothesis testing establish "causality?" | show 🗑
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| Does hypothesis testing establish certainty? | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | That the treatment being evaluated has no affect on the outcome of interest
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| What type of error is described by "A false positive" | show 🗑
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| What is a type 2 error | show 🗑
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| What type of error is seen when you reject the null when you really should have accepted it | show 🗑
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| show | Risk of experiencing a type 1 error. it is the risk we are willing to take that we will find a chance result to be significant
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| What is usually the accepted alpha value | show 🗑
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| show | Flase. Both need to be established a priori
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| What is the risk we take at making a type 1 error | show 🗑
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| What is the risk of making a type 2 error | show 🗑
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| How would you calculate Beta | show 🗑
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| What is usually the normal designation for a value of beta | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| What is another name for hpothesis of no difference | show 🗑
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| What are two ways to increase power | show 🗑
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| Which type of tailed test accounts for the possibility that the drug will be inferior to the control | show 🗑
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| show | it only tests a benefit from a certain study, but does not relay information on a downfalls. Eg. a drug is beneficial will be seen, however it if is harmful it will not be seen
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| show | continuous
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| show | 1 SD- 68.3%, 2 SD- 95.5%, 3SD- 99.7%
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| What is the mean and SD in a normal distribution? | show 🗑
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| T:F, the central limit theorem states that as the sample size decreases and becomes sufficiently large, the distribution of the sample means tend toward normal distribution | show 🗑
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| If a study were to be conducted on whether placeo or drug A was better. A sample of 20 people were randomly assined. Results were p<.005 and confidence interval was 95%. Could you conclude that the values were normally distributed? | show 🗑
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| show | parametric = normall distributed, continuous data. Nonparametric = not nor. dist., nominal data or ordinal data
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| show | p-value
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| show | false positive
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| show | It means that there is a less than 5% chance that what we observed was due to chance alone.
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| If the p-value is to high, what should we do to the null hypothesis | show 🗑
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| show | FALSE! The p-value infers nothing about clinical significance! It relates to statistical significance!
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| show | post hoc
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| T:F, the smaller the sample size the more narrow the CI | show 🗑
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| show | small
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| What value gives you statistical significance | show 🗑
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| show | CI
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| What is the equation used to determine relative risk reduction? | show 🗑
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| show | hi-low
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| show | 1/absolute risk reduction
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| What is the relative risk reduction? | show 🗑
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| show | absolute differences between the probabilities of the treatment even rate and control even rate
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| How would you define NNT | show 🗑
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| show | NNT
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| show | the number needed to treat before you experience one adverse reaction
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| What is the equation for NNH | show 🗑
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| show | Smaller sample sizes detect a large difference. large sample sizes detect small differences
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