Electrodynamics (Electricity)
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| Define Electrostatics. | The study of electrons at rest
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| Define Electrodynamics. | Electrons in motion (current flow)
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| Define electrification. | Gain or loss of electrons from matter.
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| Three types of electrification. | Friction, Contact, Induction.
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| Define friction and state whether or not it confers the same or opposite charge. | rubbing, same charge
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| Define contact and state whether or not is confers the same or opposite charge. | touch, same charge
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| Define induction and whether or not it confers the same or opposite charge. | No contact between objects, opposite charge
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| What is a coulomb? | unit of electric charge
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| 1 coulomb is equal to ____ electric charges | 1 C = 6.3 x 10^18 electric charges
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| What is the difference between electrification and ionization? | Electrification is a gain/loss by matter whereas ionization is a gain/loss by an atom.
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| Finish this law Unlike charges__________, like charges _____________ | attract, repel
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| Finish this law Electrostatic force is _____ _____ to the product of the electrostatic charges and ______ proportional to the square of the _______ between them | directly proportional, inversely , distance
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| What is the previous law also known as? | Coulomb's
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| Finish this law When an object is electrified, the ______________ | the e- are distributed evenly within or outside the object.
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| Finish this law The charge is more concentrated ________________ | along the sharpest curve of the surface.
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| Flow of electrons | Current
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| What is the unit of measurement of Current? | Amp
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| What is a circuit? | Pathway for current to flow (has to be closed to flow)
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| What do we use to set our tube current? | mA (1/1000 of amp; milliamps)
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| Potential difference is _______. | where you have an excess of electrons at one end and deficiency at the other end
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| What is the unit of measurement for potential difference? | voltage
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| What do we use to set our potential difference within the tube? | kV (kilovolt- average energy), keV (kiloelectron volts - pot.diff. of each individual electron), kVp (kilovolt peak - max. potential diff. that you set)
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| Name four states of matter. | Conductor, insulator, semiconductor, superconductor
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| Give an example of a semiconductor. | silicon, germanium, arcelin
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| Which state of matter does not allow current to flow due to very high resistance? Give some examples. | insulator (rubber, glass, non-sap wood)
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| No resistance, allows free flow of current without potential difference. Cold temps. required. Which state of matter is being described? | superconductor
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| Copper, aluminum, silver and gold are examples of what state of matter? | conductor
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| Give examples of a superconductor. | niobium, titanium
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| Path for current to flow with a potential difference. | Circuitry
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| What are the two types of circuitry? | open and closed
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| Which circuit does not allow flow of current? | open circuit
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| Name five sources where current can come from. | battery, dynamo, solar, atomic, geothermal
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| Which source converts mechanical energy into electric energy? | dynamo
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| Source that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. | battery
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| What are the four conditions in which current will flow? | vacuum, gas, ionic solutions,metallic conductor
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| What is resistance? | opposition to current flow
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| Wht is the unit of measurement for resistance? | ohm
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| what four factors determine resistance? | type of material, length, diameter, temperature
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| What material would be considered an insulator or ground? | glass or rubber
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| Length and resistance have a/an ______ relationship. | directlonger the length, more resistance
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| Diameter and resistance have a/an ____ relationship. | indirectsmaller the diameter, more resistance
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| Temperature and resistance have a/an ____ relationship. | directhotter temp. , more resistance
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| Name some components of a circuit. | resistor, battery, capacitor, ammeter, volmeter, switch, transformer, rheostat, diode, transistor
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| This component of a circuit stores electrical charge temp. | capacitor
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| What is the unit of measurement for the capacitor? | Farad
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| These two components of the ciurcuit measures amperage and voltage. | ammeter, voltmeter
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| This component of the circuit controls mA. | variable resistor
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| Which component of the circuit allows us to select our kVp? | autotransformer
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| What are the two sides of a circuit? | primary (low voltage) and secondary (high voltage)
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| Opens/closes main circuit and is located on the primary side of the circuit | switch
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| What are the two most important components on the secondary side of the circuit? | tube and rectifiers
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| Solid state device that converts alternating current into direct current. | Rectifiers
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| step-up or high voltage transformers | converts voltage into kilovoltage; divided between the primary and secondary sides
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| Over head tube works at _____ or _____ while the undertable tube works at ______ or _____ | 3-5 amps or 6-10 volts; .5-5 mA or 6-10 volts
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| Rotor motor | turns the rotor on
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| Name the two types of circuits? | series or parallel
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| Series circuit | all elements are connected in line along the same conductor.
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| Parallel circuit | contains elements that bridge conductors
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| Ammeters always connected in ____ circuit while voltmeters are always connected in _____ circuit. | series, parallel
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| What is the advantage of having a parallel circuit? | If one section of the circuit does not work the rest of the circuit will still function
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| What is the formula for Ohm's Law? | V= IR
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| Solve this problem.V (voltage) = 220 v ; I (amperage) = x ; R (resistance) = 10 | I= 22 amps
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| Direct current | electrons flow in one direction only
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| Electrons alternate in different directions like sine waves. | Alternating current
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| Wavelength | distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
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| What is the unit of measurement of wavelength? | angstroms
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| Frequency is the _______. | number of wavelengths
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| ______ is the unit of measurement of frequency. | hertz
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| Height of a wave. | amplitude
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| Rate of doing work. | Power
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| What is the unit of measurement for power? | watt
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| What formula is used to determine total power? | P= IV(I= amperage, V= voltage)
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| Solve this problem. I = 120 ; V= 1.5; what is the total power? | P=IVP=120(1.5) = 180 watts
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| due to heat resistance. | Power loss
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| What formula is used to determine power loss? | P = I^2R
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| State the formulas for the following:ohm's law, power, power loss, total resistance in a parallel circuit | Ohm's law - V=IRPower - P=IVPower loss - P=I^(2)RTotal resistance in a parallel circuit - 1/Rr = 1/r1 + 1/r2 + 1/r3
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| __________ occurs because of the movement of negative electric charges. | Electrification
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| Differentiate between static electricity and electrodynamics. | Static electricity is the study of electrons at rest. Electrodynamics is current flow (charges in motion)
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| Friction causes a/the ______ charge to be transferred to an uncharged body. | same
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| Contact causes a/the _______charge to be transferred to an uncharged body. | same
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| Induction causes a/the _____ charge to be conferred to an uncharged body coming into the field of a charged body. | opposite
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| Give an example of the following:insulator material, conductor material, semiconductor material | insulator - rubberconductor - aluminumsemiconductor - silicon
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| What is the standard international unit of electrostatic charge? | coulumb
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| Define potential difference and state unit of measurment. | excess of electrons at one end and a deficiency at the other end unit: voltage
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| Define tube current and state unit of measurment. | flow of electrons within tube unit: mA
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| Define filament current and state unit of measurment. | flow of electrons to the filament unit: amps
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| Define resistance and state unit of measurment. | opposition to current flowunit: ohms
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