Chapter 7 CC 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Atmosphere | The blanket of gases that surrounds our planet to protect and support life
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| The atmosphere can be broadly divided into two regions based on chemical composition: the ___ and ___ ___. | lower, upper, atmosphere
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| Homosphere (homo- means "same" or "uniform") | The lower atmosphere
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| Nitrogen | The most abundant gas that we breathe
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| Name the top four most abundant gases. | 1. nitrogen
2. oxygen
3. argon
4. carbon dioxide
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| Water vapor (can compose up to 4% of the air, depending on the air's humidity and altitude) | The gaseous form of water
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| Ozone | A relatively scarce type of oxygen molecule in which three oxygen atoms are bonded together that is within the upper limits of the atmosphere
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| Oxygen is ___ to humans and to most animal life. | vital
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| Carbon dioxide is vital for ___. | plants
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| Carbon dioxide and water vapor help give the earth a(n) ___ and ___ ___. | mild, stable, climate
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| Ozone helps the earth's surface by doing what? | It helps protect it from the sun's intense ultraviolet radiation
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| Turbopause | Lies at the end of the homosphere, it is the boundary or transitional zone between the lower and upper atmospheres
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| Heterosphere (hetro- means "different") | The upper atmosphere is called this because of its distinct layers
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| Trophosphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere
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| The troposphere is the "__ __." | weather layer
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| Temperature gradient | A steady change in temperature as altitude increases
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| Tropopause | The point that marks the upper boundary of the troposphere
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| Stratosphere | The layer immediately above the tropopause
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| The stratosphere has strong, steady ___, but few ___ ___ ___. | winds, changes of weather
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| The ___ has a temperature gradient opposite that of the ___. | stratosphere, troposphere
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| The stratospheres upper boundary | Stratopause
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| ozone layer | Acts as a "shield" to protect the earth's surface from the dangerous effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation
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| UVB | Causes tanning and sunburn
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| UVC | The most powerful and dangerous form of UV radiation; but it is completely absorbed in the ozone layer
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| Mesosphere (meso- means "middle" or "between") | The least-understood layer of the earth because it is to high for airplanes and to low for sattelites
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| Mesopause | The mesosphere's upper boundary; the coldest point in the atmosphere
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| Thermosphere (thermo- means "heat") | The layer immediately above the mesopause that is characterized by high temperatures
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| Thermopause | The upper boundary of the thermosphere
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| Vacuum | A space that does not contain any matter
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| Exosphere | The outermost layer of the atmosphere
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| Cosmic rays | The extremely powerful radiation that comes from deep space
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| Plasma | A special state of matter made up of a mixture of electrons and positive ions
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| Ionosphere | A portion of the earth composed of plasma air
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| The ionosphere acts like a giant ___, "bouncing" certain types of radio waves back down toward the ground. | mirror
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| An invisible force | magnetism
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| Magnetism is concentrated at two points known as ___. | poles
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| Imaginary lines used to map out a magnetic field's location and strength | Lines of force
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| Magnetic field | The region in which the magnet affects other objects
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| Solar wind | The stream of harmful, charged particles sent out by the sun
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| Magnetosphere | The region of the earth's magnetic field that is influenced by the solar wind
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| Magnetopause | The region (or boundary) where the solar wind meets with and presses on the magnetosphere
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| Megnetotail | The region of the magnetosphere that look like a tail
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| Auroras (also known as the northern and southern lights) | Are created when particles react with the atmosphere's molecules
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| Auroras that occur in the northern latitudes are called what? | Aurora borealis
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| Auroras that occur in the southern latitudes are called what? | Aurora australis
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| UVA | The least-harmful form of UV radiation
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| Van Allen radiation belts | Particles that are trapped in the magnetosphere are found in two different regions that look similar to belts or doughnuts encircling the earth's equator; these regions are known as this.
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| Atmospheric pressure | The force per square foot at sea level
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| The atmospheric pressure is normally equal to ___ pounds per square inch at sea level. | 14.7
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| As altitude ___, air pressure ___. | increases, decreases
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