chest comp questions
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| What makes up the respiratory system? | pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
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| Which is more anterior – the trachea or esophagus? | trachea
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| how is the location of the trachea changed in the thorax, and why? | it shifts slightly to the right due to the aorta
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| what is the carina? | the last tracheal cartilage and point of bifurcation of the trachea
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| how do the left and right primary bronchi differ? | the right primary bronchi is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left
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| which primary bronchus are foreign bodies most likely to lodge in? | right
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| what are the subdivisions of the bronchial tree? | trachea-primary bronchi-secondary bronchi-tertiary bronchi-bronchioles-terminal bronchioles-alveolar duct-alveolar sac-aveoli
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| what is the primary function of the lungs? | oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
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| what type of tissue are the lungs comprised of? | parenchyma
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| which lung is shorter? By how much and why? | the right lung is about 1” shorter and broader due to the location of the liver
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| what is found in the hilum? | bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves.
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| What tissue covers the outside of the lung? | pleura
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| What are the layers of the pleura and where are they found? | parietal (outside) and visceral (inside/covering)
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| Pleural cavity | serous fluid filled space between the parietal and visceral pleura
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| What are the lobes of the right lung? | superior, middle, inferior
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| What are the lobes of the left lung? | superior and inferior
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| What are the fissures of the right lung? What do they divide? | horizontal (superior and middle lobes) and oblique (middle and inferior lobes)
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| What are the fissures of the left lung? What do they divide? | oblique ( superior and inferior lobes)
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| What are the borders of the mediastinum? | sternum (anteriorly), spine (posteriorly), lungs (laterally)
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| Name all the structures of the mediastinum | heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue, fat
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| Which photo cells are used for a lateral chest? | middle only
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| Which photo cells are used for a PA chest? | lateral
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| Name all body habitus from thinnest to largest | asthenic, sthenic, hyposthenic, hypersthenic
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| What scale of contrast do we want on a CXR? | long, low contrast
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| What types of techniques would we use on a CXR? Why? | high kVp to penetrate the mediastinum
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| What type of filter would be used for a CXR? | trough
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| Why is a chest x-ray done upright? | to decrease engorgement of pulmonary vessels, depress diaphragm, demonstration of air/fluid levels
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| Why are lateral chest x-rays done left? | to decrease magnification of the heart
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| Why do we use a 72” SID for a CXR? | decrease magnification of the heart and increase recorded detail.
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| Where should the top of the film be for the PA CXR? | 1 ½ to 2” above the shoulders
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| Why is the exposure made after the 2nd full inspiration? | for maximum expansion of the lungs
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| What is the CR entry for a chest x-ray? | perpendicular to the MSP entering at the level of T7
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| at what level does the carina lie? | T4-T5
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| at what level should an ET tube be placed? | T3-T4 (above the carina)
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| what is the inner part of a vertebral disk called? | nucleus pulposes
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| what is the outer part of a vertebral disk called? | annulus fibrosus
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| what happens when the patient leans forward on the PA? | foreshortening resulting in distortion
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