APES Mid-term
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Using non-renewable resources as if they were unlimited | Non-sustainable activities
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| Nutrient chemistry is the same in freshwater as in salt water. True or False | False
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| A theory is | an integrated explanation of many hypotheses.
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| Too many people in an area | Human overpopulation
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| A consequence of freshwater eutrophication is an increase of fish populations. True or False | False
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| A less developed country compared to a moderately developed country would have | higher rate of population growth;
agricultural based economy;
less per-capita income;
higher dependence on crops.
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| The main idea in the "Tragedy of the Commons" by Hardin could be expressed as | the environmental costs everyone must pay due to individual exploitation of resources.
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| Some examples of the commons, as referred to in Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons," would be | the atmosphere, forests, fresh water resources, marine fisheries
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| The main cause of pollution in Lake Washington, Washington state was | excess, treated sewage from municipal developments
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| The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides for | the government to protect the habitat of an endangered species to help increase their population.
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| As more pollution is removed from the environment, what happens to the cost of removing more pollution? | The cost of removing pollution increases as more pollution is removed.
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| One of Earth Day's focuses is? | what individuals can do to help the environment
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| In the book, "Silent Spring," Carson brings attention to | concern over the use of pesticides and led to restrictions on the use of pesticides.
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| List some positive outcomes from environmental legislations since, say 1970. | Both the California Gray whale and the Bald Eagle have been removed form the endangered species list;
over 20 national parks have been established;
soil erosion is down almost 60%
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| The cost of a unit of pollution emitted into the environment. | Marginal cost of pollution
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| Name the US president responsible for setting aside national forests. | Theodore Roosevelt
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| Clean air, groundwater, soil and mineral resources, can be considered as what? | Natural capital
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| Command and control are those laws that do what? | impose rules and regulations to set pollution limits.
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| Given this series of organizational levels, what would be a larger level? species, population, community, ecosystem | The Biosphere
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| Name the type of organism that would be the producer an aphotic, deep ocean hydrothermal vent ecosystem. | bacteria
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| A top level predator that eats a secondary consumer that eats a primary consumer (that eats the producers) would be at what trophic level? | tertiary consumer
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| The first law of thermodynamics. | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
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| The energy present in the universe will always be the same amount. True or False | True
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| A secondary consumer feeds on | an herbivore
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| Describe the movement of energy in an ecosystem. | Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction.
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| What does a detritivore feed on? | leaf litter, feces and animal carcasses (detritus)
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| A pyramid of biomass displays what? | the relative amounts of biomass in an ecosystem and how that decreases moving up the trophic levels.
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| Having mechanical defenses such as spines is an adaptation of predators. True or False | False. Mechanical devices such as spines are adaptations of prey species.
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| Competitive exclusion principle states... | One species population will grow and outcompete an second similar species to the level that the second species is excluded from the ecosystem.
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| Evolution, as a process, is best exemplified by | a population of insects developing resistance to a pesticide.
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| An example of a keystone species in US temperate forests. | Gray wolves
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| Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring what type of characteristics? | Characteristics that reduce the probability of capture by the predator.
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| Prokaryotic organisms are recognized as | lacking a nucleus and other internal membranes
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| A niche can be described as | an organism's role or lifestyle within an ecosystem
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| Because the ESA prohibits killing an endangered species and farmers and ranchers wanted to kill the wolves near Yellowstone, the wolves were declared as... | experimental nonessential species in that area.
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| The process by which carbon is transferred from living organisms back into the atmosphere. | cellular respiration
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| What natural surface would most likely have the highest albedo (reflective property)? | a glacier
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| What natural, abiotic process is involved with the phosphorus cycle? | erosion
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| Photosynthetic organisms remove CO2 and fix it into | sugar
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| Weather refers to conditions in the atmosphere on an hourly or daily basis, whereas climate refers to ____________ weather conditions. | long term
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| Plants release carbon back to the atmosphere by the process of | cellular respiration
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| Gyres | circular ocean currents
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| N2 gas is converted to ammonia by what process within the nitrogen cycle? | nitrogen fixation
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| Secondary succession | happens in areas lacking vegetation but have soil.
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| Temperate rainforests are dominated by which types of trees? | Hemlocks, cedars, spruces and firs
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| A biome is | a distinct terrestrial region with similar environmental factors regardless of where in the world it occurs.
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| Fire-adapted species are commonly found in which biomes? | temperate grassland, savanna, and chaparral
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| Coral reefs | may occur as barrier, fringing, or atoll formations;
protect coastlines from erosion;
are found in shallow, nutrient poor, tropical waters;
are the most diverse of all marine environments.
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| Phytoplankton and zooplankton; frogs and their tadpoles; cattails and emergent vegetation; worms, insect larvae, and crayfish | All found in limnetic zone.
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| Seagrass beds, coral reefs, oysters, clams, and barnacles, kelp forests. | All found in benthic environment.
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| Tropical rain forests are found | in areas with ancient, mineral poor soil.
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| An example of an area comprised of moist grasslands with rich soils and helpful wildfires. | Shortgrass prairies
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| In what direction is worldwide freshwater use changing? | Worldwide freshwater use is increasing because, on average, each person is using more.
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| A reservoir is | an artificial lake that stores water for later use.
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| A property of water that allows aquatic life to survive winters. | Water freezes from the top down.
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| In North America, water problems are most severe in which region? | American southwest (Colorado river basin)
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| What is one problem with building developments in a flood plain? | Flood damage is extremely costly.
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| The Ogallala aquifer | largest groundwater deposit in the world.
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| One problem in developing countries | individuals do not have sufficient water to meet basic drinking and household needs.
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| Ground water is | water flowing through permeable rocks and sediments.
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| A basic goal of the Clean Water Act | to eliminate the discharge of pollutants and attain water quality levels that are safe for fishing and swimming.
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| "An ounce of preventions is worth a pound of cure." | precautionary principle
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| bioaccumulation | A buildup of pesticides in an organism's body.
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| If a population growth rate is 5%, how many years will it take for the population to double? | Time =70/5% = 14 years
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| Medical advances; agricultural advances; sanitation practices; improved water quality. | All contributing to the increase of human population.
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| If a population growth rate is -0.18%, what pattern would be predicted? | a continuous slow decrease of population
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| Global human population is predicted to stop growing in about 100 years. True or False | True
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| A species that shows r-selection typically | has large broods, short life span, small body size and early maturity
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| One example of a density-dependent limiting factor | disease
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| Zero population growth (ZPG) | is when birth rate equals death rate.
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| What type of relationship might there be between the percentage of women using contraceptives and total fertility rate (TFR) of a population? | One might expect contraceptive use and TFR to be negatively correlated.
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| Famines can be caused by | insect outbreaks; armed conflict; droughts; floods
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| When comparing population and the average age a woman marries and the average number of children born per woman, what might be expected? | The earlier a woman marries, the more children she is likely to have.
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| One way humans throw the carbon cycle out of balance | combustion of fossil fuels
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| Wood is not a fossil fuel. True or False | True. Wood is not a fossil fuel because it comes from recently alive trees rather than fossilized remains of organism.
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