Chapter 1 & 2 - Pharmacy & Health Care and the Pharmacy Technician
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| antibiotic | a substance which harms or kills microorganisms like bacteria and fungi
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| antitoxin | a substance that acts against a toxin in the body
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| hormones | chemicals produced by the body that regulate body functions and processes.
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| human genome | the complete set of genetic material contained in a human cell. The Human Genome Project is an attempt to map the entire DNA sequence in the human genome. This info will provide a better understanding of hereditary diseases and how to treat them.
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| materia medica | generally pharmacology, but also refers to the drugs in use
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| panacea | a cure-all
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| pharmaceutical | of or about dugs; also a drug product
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| pharmacology | the study of drugs - their properties, uses, application, and effects
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| pharmacopeia | an authoritative listing of drugs and issues related to their use.
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| synthetic | combining simpler chemicals into more complex ones, creating a new chemical not found in nature
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| scope of practice | what individuals may and may not do in their jobs
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| employers | determine specific responsibilitites and tasks for Techs, monitor and document competency of Techs.
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| technicians | individuals in health care who are given a basic level of training designed to help them perform specific tasks
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| malaria | is derived from the bark of the Peruvian tree, "jesuit's powder," used along with preventive measures, helps keep this disease under control.
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| aspirin | is made from salicylic acid from the bark of the willow tree to relieve pain
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| cocaine | was the first effective local anesthetic, known as Jesuit's powder (Quinine)
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| Quinine | is made from the bark of the Peruvian cinchona tree.
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| foxglove plant | contains a drug that is used to treat heart disease
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| pharmacist | is usually who dispenses the precribed medication to the patient
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| 10 years | is the length of time from the beginning of development of a new drug to FDA approval
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| 1/6 | is the number that the pharmceutical manufacturing industry devotes its income to research and development
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| patenting | protects against illegal copying of new discoveries
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| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | is required to ensure that durg is safe and effective for its intended use; to monitor a drug after it is marketed to ensure it works as intended and if it had any adverse effects
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| Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA) 1996 | makes health care providers responsible for the privacy and security of all identifiable patient health info
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| Protected Health Information (PHI) | as same as HIPAA
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| OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act | requires that the pharmacists provide counseling services to Medicaid patients
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| pharmacist | an individual must graduate from an accredited college of pharmacy, pass a state licensing exam, and perform an intership working under a licensed pharmacist.
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| community pharmacies setting | are the greatest area for the pharmacists and pharmacy technicians' employment
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| insurer | manage the managed care
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| formularies | lists of drugs appoved for used by managed care organizations
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| data | information that is entered and stored into a computer
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| the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, 3000 B.C. | one of the first known practioners of "trial and error" drug testing,
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| Shen Nung Pen Tsao, 200 B.C. | the first official Chinese phamacopeia listing 365 herbs for use in health treatment. This can be considered an early Chinese forerunner to the FDA approved drug list.
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| Watson and Crick, 1951 | identified the structure of DNA
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| Imhotep, 3000 B.C. | the first physician known by name and is called the Egyptian god of medicine
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| Hippocrates, 400 B.C. | approach to medicine was based on careful observation and scientific reasoning.
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| Panacea | the ancient Greek goddess of Medicinal Herbs
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| Banting and Charles Best, 1921 | showed that an extract of hormone insulin lowered blood sugar in dogs and might be useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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| Alexander Fleming, 1928 | discovered the antibiotic chemical, penincilin.
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| Louis Pasteur, 1864 | showed that heat can be used to kill microorganisms associated with food spoilage
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| American Society of Health - System Pharmacists (ASHP) | the leading association for pharmacists practicing in hospitals and other health-care system
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| Exam for the Certification of Pharmacy Technician (ExCPT) | contains110 multiple choice questions
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| Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) and National Healthcareer Association (NHA) | are the 2 organizations that perform pharmacy technician certification in the U.S.
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