Respiration and photosynthesis
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| The three limiting factors of photosynthesis are | temperature/light intensity/ carbon dioxide concentration
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| what happens in photolysis | splitting water using light into hydrogen and oxygen
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| what is the by product in photosynthesis | oxygen
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| what 2 products from the light dependent stage are needed for stage 2 | ATP and H
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| What two products are made in the light dependent reaction | ATP and H
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| what are the two stages of photosynthesis called | light dependent and carbon fixation
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| describe how to measure the rate of photosynthesis | count Oxygen bubbles PER minute
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| what are the 3 fates of carbohydrate in plants | glucose for respiration, starch stored in leaves for energy and cellulose for structure in the cell wall
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| what happens in carbon fixation | carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen in presence of ATP and enzymes to make glucose
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| What molecule absorbs light energy from the sun | chlorophyll (not chloroplasts)
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| describe the 3 step energy conversion from the sun to making glucose in photosynthesis | Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
Light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP.
Chemical energy of ATP is used to make another form of chemical energy via glucose
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| what type of energy does ATP have | chemical energy
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| what type of energy does glucose have | chemical energy
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| what happens during glycolysis | glucose is converted into pyruvate producing 2ATP
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| Describe the fermentation pathway in muscle cells | glucose is converted into pyruvate which is converted into lactate/lactic acid
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| Describe the aerobic pathway in a cell | glucose is converted into pyruvate without oxygen. Pyruvate is converted into water and carbon dioxide and 38ATP in presence of oxygen
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| what are the two products of aerobic respiration apart from ATP | carbon dioxide and water
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| what are the two products of fermentation in yeast cells | alcohol/ethanol and carbon dioxide (and 2 ATP)
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| what product (s) are produced during fermentation in animal cells | lactat/lactate acid and 2ATP
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| Is fermentation in animals or plants/yeast reversible | animals - reversible
plants/yeast - permanent
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| what happens to yeast or plants during fermentation | alcohol builds up and kills yeast/plant cell.
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| what stage of photosynthesis is temperature dependent | stage 2 as Carbon fixation requires enzymes but stage 1 does not (and enzymes denature at high temperatures)
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| What two molecules make ATP | ADP and Pi
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| Name the only process in the body that makes ATP | respiration (aerobic or fermentation)
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| How much ATP is produced during fermentation | 2 ATP
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| How much ATP is produced during aerobic respiration | 38 ATP
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| Name a process that requires ATP | active transport, muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and transmission of nerve impulses
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| Location of glycolysis in a cell | cytoplasm
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| location of aerobic respiration in a cell | mitochondria
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| Location of fermentation in a cell | cytoplasm
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| Does making or breaking ATP release energy | making ATP (store of chemical energy)
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| What piece of equipment measures respiration | respirometer
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| Describe a control experiment set up for a respirometer | exact same set up but without animal that is respiring/dead animal
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| what does a control experiment prove | that the animal is causing the respiration
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| What is measured via measuring the dye moving up the tube in the respirometer | oxygen uptake per minute
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| name a gas that diffuses into a cell during aerobic respiration | oxygen
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| name a gas that diffuses into a cell during photosynthesis | carbon dioxide
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| name the two products that would diffuse out of a cell during aerobic respiration | carbon dioxide and water
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| name the two products that would diffuse out of a cell during photosynthesis | oxygen and glucose
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