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2nd semester 2009 program

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Question
Answer
What are the 2 assessments done for females   show
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show Nipples 4 drainage, cracking, edema, redness…Tissue do self exam, lungs.  
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What do u assess in the genitalia   show
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show inflammation from pathogens in the fallopian tubes or ovaries or both, may involve other structures except uterus spreads upward.  
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show Streptococcus, staphylococcus, gonococcus.  
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show Freq intercourse, multiple sex partners, Iud’s & child birth.  
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Pid complications   show
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show Inflammation of peritoneum membrane covering the abd.  
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show Low temp, pelvic abd pain, foul discharge, n/v, dysmenorrheal, dyspareunia, oophoritis, salpingitis.  
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show inflammation of fallopian tubes.  
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Oophoritis   show
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show painful intercourse.  
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show painful menstruation  
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3 Dx test   show
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show D5LR or LR, antibiotics, vaginal suppositories.  
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show Hysterectomy or removal of uterus.  
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Things 2 assess 4 for Pid   show
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show growth of endometrial cells growing outside of the uterus in the pelvis.  
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How many Rf does endometriosis have   show
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show occur monthly not correlated w/ the severity of the disease: low backache, dyspareunia, heavy feeling in pelvis, spotting.  
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show Scar tissue, adhesions, infertility.  
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Dx test for endo   show
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Laparoscopy   show
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show based on age & desire for child bearing, pregnancy may help relieve symptoms.  
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Surgical tx for endo   show
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Rx goals for endo   show
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Rx used for endo   show
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Endo Rx se’s   show
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show breakthrough bleeding  
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Mastalgia   show
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show pain, prolonged excessive menstruation, dyspareunia, pain with defecation.  
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show Inflammation of the vagina.  
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What causes vaginitis   show
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show Candidiasis albicans(yeast), trichomonasis, gardnerella, chlymadia, post menopausal vaginitis.  
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show Obesity, pregnancy, douching, dm, abt’s, oral contraceptives.  
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S/s of yeast   show
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Med tx for yeast   show
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Antifungal creams for treating yeast   show
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Cause of trichomonasis infection   show
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S/s of trichomonasis   show
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show Flagyl taken by mouth for both partners.  
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S/S of Gardenerella infection   show
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Med tx for Gardenerella   show
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show s/s are asymptomatic. Complications are infertility.  
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What dx test is done to diagnose chlymadia   show
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show Oral abt for 7 days & then repeat c & s.  
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What causes postmenopausal vaginitis   show
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S/S of postmenopausal vaginitis   show
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Med tx for postmenopausal vaginitis   show
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show Wear cotton panties, do not sit in wet bathing suit in warm weather, treat quickly, 8 oz of yogurt po qd w/ abt.  
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show Bubble baths, panty hose, type of panties, hx of s/s, hx of menses, contraceptive methods, abt use  
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show recent illness, sexual hx, Dm, usual hygiene, pregnancy hx, use of deodorant tampons or pads, c,c,a,o of discharge, scratches, irritation.  
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show A condition most associated w/ staph  
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show Staphylococcus aureus.  
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show Tampon use, women under 30 yrs old.  
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show Temp of 102 or greater, vomiting, diarrhea, flulike s/s malaise, muscle weakness, sore throat, and headache, macular erythematous rash (red, flat) followed in 1-2 wks by peeling of the palms & soles, dehydration, disorientation.  
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show Iv fluids, mechanical ventilation, Cpap used to force O2 in to the lungs.  
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Dx test for tss   show
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show Treat hypotension, stop infection, maintain ventilation, fluid volume replacement, encourage Iv fluids.  
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Things 2 assess for w/ tss   show
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show Fibrocystic breast disease & fibroid tumors.  
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show Hyperplasia of the epithelial cells leads to an icrease in fibrous tissue aka chronic cystic mastitis or lumpy breast syndrome.  
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What are the causes and pf’s of fbd   show
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S/s of fbd   show
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show Over growth is the # of the cells.  
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show Over growth in the size of cells.  
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show Mammogram, bse pap smear on nipple discharge, biopsy (will tell if tumors are present either benign or malignant.  
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Benign   show
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show Likely to cause harm or death cancerous.  
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Surgery for fbd   show
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show Vit e qd  
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Things to assess in fbd   show
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show An overgrowth of cells in & around the uterus.  
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show Older than 30 yrs old & nulliparous.  
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show Never having delivered infant after 24 wks gestation.  
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S/s of fibroid tumors leiomas   show
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show Preterm delivery, fast growth (spreads & takes up a lot of space).  
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show Observe growth, myomectomy, d & c, & hysterectomy.  
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Myomectomy   show
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show High in iron.  
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show Ask about s/s, # of sanitary pads used in an hour, clots in menses, decreased hct, pale, hypotension, tachycardia.  
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show An overgrowth of mutated cells in the breast tissue. 2nd leading cause of death in women.  
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Pf’s of breast cancer   show
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show Pe, mammogram, bse.  
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Stage 1 of breast cancer   show
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Stage 2 of breast cancer   show
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Stage 3 of breast cancer   show
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show Tumor is of any size, lymph nodes may/may no test + for cancer cells, evident metastases into other areas lungs, bone, brain, liver.  
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show Painless mass or thickening lump, pain or discharge from the nipple, unilateral change in breast size, dimpling or puckering orange peel appearance, microclusters tiny palpable clusters of calcium that feel like rocks  
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show 20-40y/o-bse q mo, clinical bse q 3-4yrs  
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show 41-49 y/o-bse q mo, clinical bse q 1-2 yrs, mammogram q 1-2 yrs  
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Prevention of breast cancer3   show
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show Tamoxifen helps prevent growth of tumors is given to high risk pts.  
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Medication for breast cancer   show
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show Lumpectomy, simple mastectomy, modified mastectomy, radical mastectomy.  
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Lumpectomy   show
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Simple mastectomy   show
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show Removal of the entire breast and nearby lymph nodes.  
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Radical mastectomy   show
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Post op care for breast cancer surgery   show
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show Antieoplastics: antiestrogens, androgens, alkalating agents, antitumor antibiotics, antimetabolites, steroids used in combo before or after or.  
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Things 2 assess for in breast cancer   show
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Things 2 assess post op for breast cancer   show
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What is cervical cancer   show
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show An early stage of the cancer a change in the size or shape of the cervical cells classified as mild, moderate or severe.  
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Dx test for cervical cancer   show
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show Multiple sexual partners, hpv 35-55y/o, maternal use of dithylstibestrol during pregnancy.  
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S/s of cervical cancer   show
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Med tx of cervical cancer   show
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show No spread only on the cervix.  
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Cervical stage 2-5   show
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Surgery for cervical cancer1   show
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Surgery for cervical cancer2   show
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Metastasis cervical cancer   show
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show Radiation therapy, radium implants and chemotherapy.  
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Things 2 assess for w/ cervical cancer1   show
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show Abnormal pap w/ cellular changes w/ progression, wt loss, anemia.  
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What is endometrial cancer   show
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Pf’s of endometrial cancer   show
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S/S of endometrial cancer   show
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show Endometrial biopsy.  
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Medical tx for endometrial cancer   show
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Surgery for endometrial cancer   show
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What is ovarian cancer   show
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show 45-65yrs old, nulliparous, smoking, slcohol, infertility, high fat diet, breast cancer, family hx, possibly related 2 the presence of ovarian cysts ( may be @ higher risk for ovarian cancer).  
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show Freq metastasizes before dx in colon, stomach, diaphragm.  
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Dx test used to diagnose ovarian cancer   show
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show Reoccurrence common: follow up q 2 mths for 2yrs, radiation.  
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show Total abdominal hysterectomy wit bilateral sapinoophorecomy (removal of uterus ovaries, & fallopian tubes).  
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show Chemotherapy analgesics (pca or bromptons syrup), laxatives, tranqulizers antiemetics.  
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Bromptons syrup   show
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show Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, pelvic pressure, frequency of urination, loss of appetite, nausea, wt loss, vaginal bleeding or spotting w/ intercourse.  
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show Malaise, foul smelling vaginal discharge, pain in the lower back, health hx, reproductive hx, palpable mass, pap smear >11, abnormal biopsies.  
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show Abnormal appearance, increased abdonminal girth, ascites, pleural effusion.  
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What are the 5 menstruation disorders   show
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show Painful menstruation(cramps)  
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show Increased endocrine secretions, anatomical abnormalities, chronic illness, psych probs.  
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show Nulliparous, no intercourse.  
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show Complaints, Pelvic exam,bimanual exam, ultrasound.  
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show Positive attitude toward menstruation.  
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show Pelvic pain that can radiate before or at the onset of menstrual period caused by uterine spasms, narrowingof the cervical canal, emotional factors, Pid, Iud, endometriosis.  
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Rx used for dysmenorrhea   show
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What is amenorrhea   show
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What are the 2 types of amenorrhea   show
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Primary amenorrhea   show
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show 6 mths of normal menses & then stops or 12 mths of abnormal menses, then it stops.  
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Causes of secondary amenorrhea   show
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Dx test done for amenorrhea   show
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Menorrhagia   show
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Metorrhagia   show
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show Short cycles(<21 days).  
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Oligomenorrhea   show
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show low dose bcp’s, metabolic d/o, hormonal d/o.  
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Tx of Pom2 d/o   show
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Things to assess for in Pom2 d/o   show
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Premenstrual syndrome(pms)   show
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show Stress, poor nutrion, rx or s/e from bcp, sedentary lifestyle, marital status, hx of preeclampsia, muliparity, and hormone imbalance.  
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show Physical exam, keep calendar of s/s, labs to assess levels of: estrogen, progesterone, glucose.  
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show Has over 150 s/s, Onset 7-10 days before menses & ends w/ start of flow, wt gain, bloating, irritability, edema, ha, edema, mood swings, inability to concentrate, food cravings, acne.  
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show Tylenol, ibuprofen, naproxen, mifenamic acid, progesterone suppositories, last resort tranquilizers, antidepressants.  
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show Decrease: caffeine, dairy, chocolate, acidic foods, increase whole grains, nuts, pasta, herbal tea, legumes, root veggies, seafood, fruit.  
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show Vitamin supps w/ b complex vits, calcium, magnesium, zinc.  
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Activity for Pms   show
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Things to assess for in Pms   show
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Complications of menopause (climacteric) cessation of menstruation   show
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show Hormone decline  
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Pf’s menopause   show
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show gradually inc. over 1 yr relaxation of pelvic support structures decrease in skin elasticity & turgor, thinning hair, vaginal dryness, thinning of vaginal mucosa, wt gain, dry skin, hot flashes, stress incontinence, inc risk for fractures, depression, in  
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show Estrogen replacement therapy: po, cream, or patch, keep ota for 10-15 secs before application given for 10-15 yrs after menopause, progesterone suppositories.  
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Diet for menopause   show
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Things to assess for in menopause   show
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Cystocele   show
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show Downward displacement of the urethra into the vagina.  
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Rectocele   show
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Prolapsed uterus   show
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Cause of CURP   show
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Med tx for CURP   show
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Pessary   show
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Surgery for CURP   show
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show Surgical narrowing of the vagine done vaginally to put bladder, urethra, or rectum back in place.  
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show Marshall, marchette, kranz, attaches the bladder to the inferior surface of the pubic bone.  
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Things 2 assess for with CURP   show
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Infertility   show
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Cause of infertility   show
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show 40% female, 40% male, combo 20%.  
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show Primary-never been pregnant, secondary-inablity to conceive after having a child.  
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show Do full workup after having tried to conceive for 6-12 mths, basal body temp chart for 3 mths 1st half cycle-<98 degrees, 2nd half of cycle >98 degrees, endometrial biopsy, laparoscopy, endocrine imbalance tests, artificial insemination.  
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show Place semen into the cervix or uterus w/ a small flexible catheter & syringe.  
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show Gamete intra fallopian transfer- ovum & semen mixed in a catheter is injected into the fallopian tube.  
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In vitro fertilization2   show
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show Fix hormone levels, hcg, progesterone suppositories, testosterone, thyroid extracts.  
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show Prevention of pregnancy.  
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show Natural method, barriers, spermicides, Iud, hormonal methods, bcp.  
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show Abstinence, rhythm method-no intercourse form 3 days before until 3 days after ovulation.  
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show Block the path of sperm, diaphragm, cervical cap, male & female condoms.  
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Spermicides   show
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Intrauterine device (Iud)   show
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show Oral contraceptives (bcp’s) suppress ovulation, make the body think that it is pregnant, 1:200 chance of pregnancy .  
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Bcp’s contraindicated if   show
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S/E of bcp   show
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show Levonorgestrel 6 pellets inserted under the skin in the arm, works for 5 yrs.  
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show Medroxyprofesterone acetate injection, IM q 12 wks suppresses ovulation, 3 weeks before effective s/e breakthrough bleeding.  
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show Tubal ligation- laparoscopy to tie fallopiantubes, generalor epidural, 30-60 mins, vasectomy- surgical resection of the vas deferns.  
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Post op for vasectomy   show
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show Marshall, marchette, kranz, attaches the bladder to the inferior surface of the pubic bone.  
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show Stress incontinence, frequency, urgency, constipation, childbearing hx, onset of s/s, ua w/ exam can visualize bulging of the bladder, urethra, or rectum into the vagina.  
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show The inability to produce offspring.  
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show Endocrine, anatomic, or immune systems d/o, decreased progesterone levels can cause spontaneous abortion, cause spontaneous abortion.  
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Infertility in couples   show
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2 types of infertility   show
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Dx test for infertility   show
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Artificial insemination   show
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show Gamete intra fallopian transfer- ovum & semen mixed in a catheter is injected into the fallopian tube.  
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In vitro fertilization2   show
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Rx for infertility   show
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show Prevention of pregnancy.  
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Contraception consist of   show
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Natural method   show
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Barriers   show
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Spermicides   show
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show Device irriates the uterine cavity (dalcon shield), in place for 1-7yrs s/e, bleeding & infection.  
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show Oral contraceptives (bcp’s) suppress ovulation, make the body think that it is pregnant, 1:200 chance of pregnancy .  
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show No established menstrual, cycle, htn, dm, cvd, thrombophlebitis.  
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S/E of bcp   show
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Norplant   show
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show Medroxyprofesterone acetate injection, IM q 12 wks suppresses ovulation, 3 weeks before effective s/e breakthrough bleeding.  
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show Tubal ligation- laparoscopy to tie fallopiantubes, generalor epidural, 30-60 mins, vasectomy- surgical resection of the vas deferns.  
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Post op for vasectomy   show
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