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LE Cell Vocab

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Term
Definition
Prokaryote   no nucleus, fewer organelles, bacteria  
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Eukaryote   many organelles, membrane bound nucleus, plants, animals  
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Nucleus   “brain of the cell”; controls all cellular activity; contains DNA/chromosomes  
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Nucleolus   inside of nucleus; site of ribosome synthesis  
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Ribosomes   site of protein synthesis  
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Mitochondria   “powerhouse of cell”; site of cellular respiration; provides energy to cell  
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Endoplasmic Reticulum   transports materials throughout cell; rough ER- processes proteins; smooth ER –processes lipids & carbs  
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Golgi Bodies/Apparatus   packages & secretes cell products; stack of pancakes  
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Cytoplasm   fluid portion of cell; contains organelles; allows for transport of materials (cyclosis)  
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Lysosomes   “garbage collectors”; digest food particles; form from pinched off sections of golgi bodies  
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Cell/Plasma Membrane   controls what enters & exits cell; biphospholipid layer  
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Cell Wall   found in plant cells only; provides support & structure to cell  
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Centrioles   found only in animal cells; involved in mitosis & meiosis  
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Chloroplasts   found only in animal cells; site of photosynthesis  
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Passive Transport   movement of materials from high to low concentration without the use of energy  
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Diffusion   another name for passive transport  
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Osmosis   diffusion of water  
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Facilitated Diffusion   diffusion aided by protein carriers embedded in cell membrane  
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Active Transport   movement of materials from low to high concentration with the use of energy  
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Endocytosis   form of active transport that involves taking in of materials through the use of pseudopods  
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Phagocytosis   engulfing of large particles with pseudopods (cell eating)  
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Pinocytosis   engulfing of small particles including fluids with pseudopods (cell drinking)  
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Exocytosis   form of active transport that brings vacuole to cell membrane where it fuses then opens to expel wastes  
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