Astronomy Test Review Mrs. Arceneaux
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| White dwarf | small, hot star consisting of a hot, dense core contracting under the force of gravity
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| Absolute magnitude | actual amount of light a star gives off
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| Apparent magnitude | amount of a star’s light observed on Earth
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| Parallax | apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from different places; used to determine distances
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| Constellations | groups of stars whose positions in the sky seem to change as Earth moves
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| Main sequence | classification of about 90 percent of the stars
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| Nebula | earliest stage of a star’s formation
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| Giant | large, cool expanding star in which helium fuses to form carbon
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| Light-year | distance that light travels in one year
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| Supergiant | relatively cool star that has expanded to more than 700 times as large as our sun
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| Neutron star | star in which only neutrons can exist in its core
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| Black hole | object so dense that nothing, including light, can escape it
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| Supernova | produced from an explosion that occurs when a star’s core collapses
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| Binary system | two or more stars revolving around one another
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| Galaxy | large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
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| Big Bang theory | explanation for the beginning of the universe
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| What is our Sun made of (as well as other stars) and how do we know this? | Hydrogen & Helium – spectra seen by use of spectroscope
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| List the 5 kinds of stars from smallest to largest. | Neutron starsDwarfsMain sequenceGiantsSupergiants
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| size of a Neutron star | 10 miles in diameter
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| size of a dwarf star | ½ diameter of the Earth
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| size of a Main sequence star | Middle sized star – 1/10 to 10 times the sun.
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| size of a ginat | 10 to 100 times the sun
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| size of a supergiant | up to 1000 times the sun
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| List the 5 colors of stars from coolest to hottest | Red, Red-Orange, Yellow, White, Blue or Blue-White
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| The brightness of a star depends on what two things? | size and temperature
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| What determines how long a star lives? | The starting mass determines the life cycle.The greater a star’s mass the shorter its lifespan.The smaller a star’s mass the longer its lifespan.
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| Why do stars shine? | Stars shine as a result of the energy produced during the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. Some of the energy is in the form of visible light.
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| Describe the Life Cycle of a Main Sequence Star. | Nebula-Protostar (low mass)-main Sequence(medium)- Red Giant- White dwarf- Black Dwarf or Brown Dwarf
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| Describe the Life Cycle of a very massive star. | nebula- prostar(high mass)- supergiant- supernova- Black hole (if core’s mass is over 30 times the mass of our Sun) or Neutron star (if core’s mass is 3-30 times greater than our sun)
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| what are the 4 main types of galaxies? | spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, irregular
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| What is the name & type of galaxy we live in? How many stars does it have? | Milky Way – barred spiral galaxy, 200 billion star
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| Where do we live in our galaxy? | The Earth is orbiting the Sun in our solar system that is located two-thirds of the way out from the center of the Milky Way on the Orion arm.
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| Describe the theories of the formation of the Universe | Friedmann – Big Bang followed by a crunchSteady-State – remains the same as it always wasOscillating – never-ending cycle of bangs and crunchesBig Bang – giant explosion, sent matter outward
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| What is the Doppler Effect? | Doppler Effect – energy given off by a moving object changes the waves (sound from an ambulance would sound different if the ambulance was moving toward or away from you)
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| Explain the Red Shift | Occurs when the object is moving away from the Earth and the spectrum is shifted toward the red end and the waves are lengthened
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| Explain the Blue Shift | Occurs when the object is moving toward the Earth and the spectrum is shifted toward the blue end and the waves are compressed
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| What evidence is there that supports the idea of the Big Bang? | 1. Background Radiation is spread out 2. All objects are red shifting3. Quasars are the beginning objects of the universe
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| What is a Hertzsprung –Russell Diagram? Name the star groups found on the H-R Diagram. To which group does our Sun belong? | A graph that shows the relationship that exists between the average surface temperature of stars, their color, and their absolute magnitude (true brightness). Main Sequence, Giants, Supergiants, Dwarfs – our Sun is Main Sequence
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| Describe the temperature and brightness of Giants | COOL AND BRIGHT
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| Describe the temperature and brightness of the main sequence trend | hot stars are bright, cool stars are dim
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| describe the temperature and brightness of a dwarf star | hot and dim
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| what is the distance of a light year? | 9.5 trillion km
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| What pulls the matter together within a nebula? | gravity
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