Questions and answers
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on it to display the answer.
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| Name two differences between continental plates and oceanic plates | The oceanic plate is thinner yet denser than the continental plate
The oceanic plate is made of basalt and the continental plate is made of granitic rocks, such as quartz and feldspar
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| Name the type of plate margin where two plates are moving towards each other | Collision/Destructive/Convergent
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| What is an oceanic trench? | At a constructive plate boundary where two oceanic plates move apart, the gap is called an oceanic trench. They are deepest parts of the ocean floor.
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| Name the type of plate margin where two plates are moving sideways against each other | Conservative
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| How are fold mountains formed? | Fold mountains form along both destructive and collision plate boundaries.They form when two continental plates collide and crumple into a fold mountain range.
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| Give one way that humans use fold mountain areas | Winter sports such as skiing in resorts
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| Describe how farmers have adapted to the steep slopes in fold mountain areas | Because the slopes are so steep, the farmers have cut out terraces into the slope to create flat land that is suitable for growing crops
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| Name one range of fold mountains | The alps
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| Describe three ways humans use the fold mountain area | Winter sports such as skiing in resorts such as Chamonix
Climbing and hiking in the summer months
Hydroelectric power (HEP)
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| Describe how people have adapted to the conditions of the fold mountain area | Farmers introduce vineyards or providing camp-sites for tourists to help boost their income.
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| What's magma called when it erupts onto the surface? | Lava
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| Which type of volcano is made up of layers of ash and lava? Name an example | Composite cone - Montserrat
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| Which type of volcano is formed when the lava is runny? Name an example | Shield Volcano - Mouna Loa
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| Give three things that scientists do to try and predict a volcanic eruption. | Seismometers are used to detect earthquakes.
Thermal imaging techniques and satellite cameras can be used to detect heat around a volcano.
Gas samples may be taken and chemical sensors used to measure sulfur levels.
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| Name a volcanic eruption and state when and where it happened | Chances Peak, Soufriere Hills, Montserrat - 1997
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| Describe three negative primary impacts of the eruption | The island had to be evacuated and out of the few who stayed, 19 died
Many homes, the hospital, the airport and roads were destroyed
More than half the island became uninhabitable
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| Describe three negative secondary impacts of the eruption | People who stayed suffered very harsh conditions and medical conditions like silicosis were reported
Montserrat's economy was devastated as tourism came to a halt
Floods as valleys were blocked by ash
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| Give three positive impacts of the eruption | New roads and a new airport built
A volcanic observatory has been built to monitor the volcano
Services in the north of the island have been expanded as Little Bay is developed as the new capital
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| Give two immediate responses | The island was evacuated
Many people left the island completely which meant the population had fallen from 12,000 to 3,500
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| What were two of the long term responses? | Many young people left the island forever, which has resulted in an ageing population. This means less agricultural work can be done so the economy has been damaged.
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| Where do super-volcanoes form? | Supervolcanoes occur above a hotspot (magma in mantle rises to crust but is unable to break through the crust) pressure builds up in large, growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure
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| Give one way that a super-volcanic eruption is different from a volcanic eruption | It erupts over x1000km3 more material than a normal volcano
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| Give one predicted effect of a super-volcanic eruption | Global cooling that could lead to an ice age
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| What causes earthquakes? | Earthquakes are cause by the sudden release of energy when the friction between two plates is suddenly overcome
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| What's the point in the Earth where an earthquake starts? | Focus
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| What's the point on the surface of the earth above where an earthquake starts? | Epicentre
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| What does the Richter scale measure? | It measures the magnitude of an earthquake so that you can compare their sizes
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| Give an example of an earthquake in a rich part of the world | San Francisco, Loma Prieta
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| Describe two effects of the earthquake and two responses to it | 67 dead, 3000+ injured, 12,000 displaced - temporary shelter supplied for those in need.
Gas and water mains were burst, causing fires with not enough water to put them out - fire services had to pump water out of the bay to put them out.
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| What causes a tsunami? | powerful undersea earthquakes are responsible for most tsunamis
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| Give an example of a tsunami | 2004 boxing-day tsunami
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| Describe two effects of the tsunami | A quarter of a million people died, two million people were made homeless
Thirteen countries were affected, the worst being Indonesia which was hit first
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