Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| organic compound | a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides
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| functional group | the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds
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| monomer | a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer
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| polymer | a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units
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| condensation reaction | a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
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| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances; a reaction between water and a salt to create an acid or a base
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| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
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| carbohydrate | a class of molecules that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides
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| polysaccharide | one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; include starch, cellulose, and glycogen
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| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
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| amino acid | a compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group and an amino group and that combine to form proteins
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| peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
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| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids
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| enzyme | a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
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| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in the reactions catalyzed by enzymes
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| active site | on an enzyme, the site that attaches to a substrate
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| lipid | a fat molecule or a molecule that has similar properties; examples include oils, waxes, and steroids
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| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils
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| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain
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| steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action
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| nucleic acid | an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
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| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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