Chapter 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Define Genetics | the study of heredity
and how traits are passed from parents to offspring
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| When two alleles of a gene are the same, what is the genotype? | homozygous
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| Define Heredity | the passing on of traits from parents to offspring
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| Which factor blocks or covers up another genetic factor? | dominant factor
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| Which factor is blocked or seems to disappear? | recessive factor
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| Define Alleles | different forms of a gene
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| What tool can you use to trace traits through a family | pedigree
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| Define heterozygous | the genotype when two allelels of a gene are different
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| Which inheritance pattern combines the parents' phenotypes | incomplete dominance
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| Define phenotype | how a trait appears or is expressed
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| Which inheritance pattern occurs when multiple genes determine a trait | polygenic inheritance
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| How do parents pass their genetics traits to their offspring? | through reproductive cells
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| What are the 3 types of RNA? | messenger RNA
transfer RNA
ribosomal RNA
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| If parent A has genotype (AA) and parent B has genotype (aa). What genotypes will the offspring have? | All Aa
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| If parent A is heterozygous (Aa) and parent B is homozygous dominant (AA). What is the probability of the offspring inheriting the trait? | not possible
The punnett square predicts the outcomes AA, AA, Aa, or Aa
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| If parent A has genotype (aa) and parent B is (AA). A is dominant. What trait will the offsping have? | certain that the offspring will have the dominant trait A
The punnett square predicts all outcomes are Aa
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| 2 orange lizards mated and had 4 offspring. 3 baby lizards were orange and 1 was green. What are the parents' genotypes? | heterozyous for green skin, which is recessive
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| Define RNA | Protein are made with the help of RNA, a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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| aa represents which genotype? | homozygous recessive genotype
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| How is eye color determined? | polygenic inheritance
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| What does a punnett square show? | all the ways that alleles can combine
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| List 3 external causes of mutations. | exposure to:
x-rays
ultraviolet light
radioactive materials
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| Capital letters in punnett squares represent which type of alleles? | dominant
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| How many recessive traits need to be observed when recessive genetic factors are present in offspring? | 2
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| What is a gene? | a segment of DNA on a chromosome
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| What plant did Gregor Medel use to study heredity? | hundreds of pea plants
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| Which genetic factor blocks another factor? | dominant trait
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| Define self-pollination | when pollen lands on the same plant
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| List 3 forms of mutations | insertion
deletion
substitution
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| Define heterozygous genotype | hetero means different
example Aa
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| Define homozygous genotype | homo means same
example AA or aa
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| List the Nitrogen bases that form the rungs of the ladder in DNA | adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
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| What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? | genotype are the alleles
phenotype is the physical appearance of traits
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| Which base bonds with Adenine? | Thymine
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| Which base bonds with Cytosine? | Guanine
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| A heterozygous yellow plant (Aa) is crossed with a homozygous red plant (aa). If yellow is the dominant allele and red is recessive, what color ratio with the offspring have? | 2 yellow: 2 red
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