Unit 1 Photoreceptors
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| what three organisms have photoreceptors | archaea, plants & animals
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| What is the photoreceptor molecule in archaea | bacteriorhodopsin
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| What is the photoreceptor molecule in plants and in what membrane structure is it found | photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll) in thyalkoid of chloroplasts
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| What is the photoreceptor molecule in animals and in what membrane structure is it found | rhodopsin in retina membrane
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| What is rhodopsin made up of | opsin and retinal
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| What is the function of retinal | light sensitive molecule in membrane
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| What are opsin molecules | (membrane) proteins
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| What is the function of rods versus cones | cones detect colour whilst rods detect light at low light intensity
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| How are rods well adapted for their function | absorb wider wavelengths of light OR a very high degree of
amplification results in sensitivities at low light intensities.
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| How are cones well adapted to their functions | have more than 1 type of opsin whereas rods only have one type
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| Explain how archaea photoreceptors work | bacteriorhodopsin absorbs photons of light which cause H ions to move across protein pump by AT and diffuse across ATP synthase to make ATP
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| What molecule is pumped across membrane following excitation of light by bacteriorhodopsin | Hydrogen
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| Explain how photoreceptors in plants work | chlorophyll absorbs photon of light which excites e that pass along ETC providing energy for H ion to be pumped across membrane & diffuse back across ATP synthase making ATP
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| Explain how rhodopsin absorbs light in the human eye | 1 photon of light is absorbed by retinal which activates 100 G proteins which activate 1000 enzymes which close Na channels causing depolarisation creating nerve impulse
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| Each opsin protein is for a specific colour. What FOUR wavelengths are they adapted to see | red, green, blue & UV
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| Do rods or cones have rhodopsin | rods only
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| What is pumped across the membrane in archaea | Hydrogen
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| In animals what happens after 100's of G proteins have been activated | 1000's of enzymes activated
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| What happens after 1000's of enzymes activated in animal vision | Na channels close/hyperpolarisation is sufficient product made
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| What happens after Na channels close | nerve impulse generated due to hyperpolarisation
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