Comp. 16 Review
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| What rule relates Penicillins and Cephalosporins? | Many patient's allergic to Penicillin's have a 10%cross-sensitivity or possibility they will also be allergic to Cephalosporins.
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| What is a drug? | Any substance that can be used to modify a chemical process or processes in the body.
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| What is an OTC drug? | A drug that does not require a prescription.
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| What is a legend drug? | A drug requiring a prescription.
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| What is an Analgesic drug? Give one example. | A pain related drug used to block or reduce the perception of pain but not its cause.
EX: Tylenol (acetaminophen)
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| What is an Anti-Infective drug? List 4 examples. | A drug used to kill an infectious agent or inhibit it from spreading.
EX: Diclox (dicloxacillin), Vancocin (vancomycin), Keflex (cephalexin), Azactam (aztreonam)
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| What does an Anti-Anginal do? List 3 examples. | Increases cardiac blood flow thus increasing oxegyn supply while decreasing the workload of the heart, which decreases its demand for oxegyn.
EX: NitroStat, Isoptin, Tenormin
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| What does a Bronchdilator do? List 2 examples. | Decongests the Bronchiole tubes.
EX: Proventil (albuterol), ProAir HFA (albuterol)
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| What does an Asthmatic do? List 2 examples. | Treats various conditions associated with asthma.
EX: Aerobid (flunisolide), Azmacort (triamcinolone)
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| What does a Corticosteriod do? List 2 examples. | Reduces inflammation associated with asthma.
EX: Flovent (fluticasone), Pulmicort (budesonide)
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| What does a Xanthine Derivative do? List 2 examples. | Reduces frequency of asthma attacks, increases heart rate and alertness.
EX: Theo-Dur (theophylline), Serevant (salmeterol xinafoate)
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| What does an Anti-Histamine do? List 2 examples. | Prevent allergic reactions, reduce nausea, and may increase sedation.
EX: Benadryl (diphenhydramine), Claritin (loratadine)
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| What does a Decongestant do? List 2 examples. | Increases drainage and reduces congestion by shrinking mucous membranes.
EX: Sudafed (pseudoephedrine), Neo-synephrine (phenylephrine)
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| What does an Antitussive do? List 2 examples. | Suppresses cough
EX: Delsym (dextromethorphan), Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
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| What does an Expectorant do? List 2 examples. | Decreases the thickness of phlegm from the lungs which aide in its expulsion
EX: Robitussin (guaifenesin), Water
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| What are the different types of Antidiabetics? List 2 examples. | Insulins, Sulfonylureas (1st & 2nd gen.), Bigaunides, Thiazolidinediones's
EX: Glucophage (metformin), Troglitazone (generic only)
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| What are the different types of Antiemetics? List 2 examples. | Dopamine Antagonists, Seratonin Antagonists
EX: Reglan (metoclopromide), Kytril (granisetron)
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| What are the different types of Anti-Hyperlipidemics? List 2 examples. | Bile-Acid Sequestrant, HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor's, Fibric Acid Derivatives, Miscellaneous
EX: Tricor (fenofibrate), Mevacor (lovastatin)
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| What are the different types of Anti-Hypertensives? List 2 examples. | Beta-Blockers, Alpha-Blockers, Diuretics (5-TLPCO), Angio-tensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors), Calcium Channel Blockers, Centrally Acting Alpha-Adgrenic Blockers
EX: Tenormin (atenolol), Cardura (doxazosin)
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| What are the different types of Anti-Hypertension: Diuretics? List 1 drug each. | Thiazides-HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide), Loop-Lasix (furosemide), Potassium Sparing-Dyazide (hydrochlorothiazide &triamterene combination), Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors-Diamox (acetazolamide), Osmotic- Glycerin
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| What are the different types of Anti-Infectives? | Penicillins, Cephalosporins (1st-5th Gen.), Monobactams, Glycopeptide Antibiotics, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Quinolones/Fluroquinalones, Antituberculosis agents, Anti-Fungals, -Azoles
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| List 3 examples of Anti-Infectives. | EX: Diflucan (fluconazole), Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Rifadin (rifampin)
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| What are the different types of Gastrointestinal drugs? List 2 examples. | Antacids, Gastric Mucosal Agents, Histamine (H2) Receptor Antagonist, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Anti-Diarreals, Laxatives and Stool Softeners
EX: Dulcolax (bisacodyl), Mylanta
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| What are the different types of Cardiac Drugs? List 2 examples. | Anti-Anginals (5NCABA), Vasopressors, Glycosides
EX: Lanoxin (digoxin), Timoptin (timolol)
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| What are the different types of Cardiac: Anti-Anginals? List 1 drug each. | Nitrates-NitroStat (nitroglycerin), Calcium Channel Blockers-Isoptin (verapamil), Antiarrhythmics-Pronestyl (procainamide), Vasopressors-Dobutrex (dobutamine), Glycosides-Lanoxin (digoxin)
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| What are the different types of Hematologic Agents? List 2 examples. | Coagulating Enhancers, Anti-Coagulation Agents, Anti-Platlet Agents, Thrombolytic Enzymes, Hemostatic Agents, Hematopoietic
EX: Epogen (epoetin), Coumadin (warfarin)
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| What are the different types of Hormone Related Agents? List 2 examples. | Thyroid Hormones/ Hypothyroid Agents, Hyperthyroid Agents, Oral Contraceptives, Ovulation Stimulants, Oxytocic and Tococlytic Agents, Androgens, Anti-Androgen Agents, Anabolic Steroids
EX:Proscar (finasteride), Testosterone
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| What are the different types of Immunological Agents? List 2 examples. | Immune Globulins, Immunosuppressives
EX: IgA, Restasis (cyclosporine)
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| What are the different types of Muscle and Bone Related drugs?List 2 examples. | Neuromuscular Blockers, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Bone Disorder Agents
EX: Vecuron (vecuronium) Soma Compound (carisoprodol)
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| What are the different types of Ophthalmic drugs? List 2 examples. | Anti_Glaucoma Agents, Ophthalmic Mydriatics, Other Ophthalmic Agents
EX: Pilocar (pilocarpine), atropine
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| What are the different types of Pain Related Agents? List 2 examples. | Analgesic Agents, NSAID, Opiods, Int-Migraine (Tryptans), Anasthetics; Local & General (Inhalation, Intravenous)
EX: Xylocaine (lidocaine), Roxicodone (oxicodone)
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| What are the different types of Psychotropic Agents? | Anti-depressants, Anti-Psychotics
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| What are the different types of Psychotropic Agents: Anti-Depressants? | Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI's), Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA's), Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's), Selective Seratonin Reuptake Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSNRI's)
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| What are the different types of Psychotropic Agents: Anti-Psychotics? | Phenothiazine's, Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines
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| What are the different types of Respiratory Drugs? List 1 examlpe each | Asthmatic-Azmacort, Bronchodilators-ProAir HFA, Corticosteriods-Flovent, Xanthine Derivatives-Serevent, Anti-Histamines-Benadryl, Decongestants-Sudafed, Anti-Tussives-Delsym, Expectorants-Robitussin
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| List 2 beta-blockers and 2 Calcium Channel Blockers . | Beta-Blockers: Tenormin (atenolol), Inderal (propranolol)
Calcium Channel Blockers: Isoptin (verapamil), Imdur (iosorbide mononitrate)
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| What are the four drugs classified for gout and their intended use. | Colchicine-Used to prevent gout attacks, Zyloprim (allopurinol)-Decreases uric acid production, Anturane (sulfinpyrazone) & Benemid (probenecid)-Increases uric acid production
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| Why are Cephalosporin's divided into generations? | Divided based on their improved activity.
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| Define Poison. | Any drug known to the pharmacuetical or medical profession that is liable to be destructive to adult human life if taken in quantities of 60 grams or less.
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| What is the usual minimum requirment for poison labeling? | Container label bears the name of the substance,the word poison and the name and place of the business seller.
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| What is the purpose for the Poison Prevention Packaging Act? | To keep children from swallowing the pills resulting in injury or death.
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| What prescription drugs are exempt from the Poison Prevention Packaging Act restrictions? | Most non-prescription drugs, some prescriptions drugs, sublingual nitroglycerin, chewable forms of isosorbide dinitrate.
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| When may the pharmacy dispense a drug in a "NON CHILDPROOF" container? | When the doctor requests, the patient requests, for use inpatient, nursing homes.
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| Define Placebo. | Pills that have no effect, sugar pills.
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| When do patients most often recieve placebos? | For clinical studies.
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| What are the two components of a Placebo Reaction? | Anticipation and coincedence.
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| What is the Placebo effect? | The feeling of getting better after being treated with placebos.
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| What makes a drug important? | 1st: That the drug is or was used to treat a large number of people with a range of problems;
2nd: Because a drug has led the way, showing it is possible to treat a disease.
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| What has resulted from the careless use of penicillin and many drugs like it? | Germs have developed resistance.
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| Insulin is a form of hormone therapy, true or false? | True.
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| By nearly universal acclaim foremost among the most dreadful scourges of humanity was: | Smallpox.
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| What was the first drug used as an anasthetic? | Ether
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| What was the first drug shown to treat simple pain? | Aspirin
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| Name the two breakthrough drugs that benefited heart patients. | Lanoxin (digoxin)
Lasix (furosemide)
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| Name three online resources. | PubMed, Medline, Orange Book.
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| Name three in class references. | Physician's Desk Reference, Facts and Comparisons, Brand-to-generic handbook.
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| What should a technician do when approached with a drug information request over the telephone or in person? | Identify themeselves as a pharmacy technician so the person asking the question will know what type of information may be appropriately asked.
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