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Interactions in Ecosystems

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Term
Definition
Habitat   can be describes as all of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives  
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Ecological niche   composed of all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce  
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Competitive Exclusion   states that when two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct  
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Ecological Equivalents   species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions  
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Competition   occurs when two organisms fight for the same limited resources  
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Predation   process by which one organism captures and feeds upon another organism  
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Symbiosis   close ecological relationship between two ore more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another  
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Mutualism   interspecies interaction in which both organisms benefit from one another  
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Commenalism   relationship between two organisms in which one receives an ecological benefit from another  
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Parasitism   relationship similar to predation in that one organism benefits while the other is harmed  
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Population density   a measurement of the number of individuals living in a defined space  
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Population dispersion   the way in which individuals of a population are spread in an area of a volume  
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Survivorship curve   a generalized diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births  
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Immigration   movement of individuals into a population from another population  
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Emigration   movement of individuals out of a population and into another population  
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Exponential Growth   occurs when a population size increases dramatically over a period of time  
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Logistic Growth   a population begins with a period of slow growth followed by a brief period of exponential growth before leveling off at a stable size  
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Carrying Capacity   The ________ of an environment is the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that the environment can normally and consistently suppport  
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Population Crash   a dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time  
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Limiting Factor   the factor that has the greatest effect in keeping down the size of a population  
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Density-dependent limiting factor   limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area  
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Density-independent limiting factor   aspects of the environment that limit a population's growth regardless of the density of the population  
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Succession   sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in a previously uninhabited area  
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Primary Sucession   establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited  
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Pioneer species   the first organisms that live in a previously uninhabited area  
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Secondary succesion   the reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area which the soil was left intact  
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Created by: tuohybio1415
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