nutrition notes
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| nutrition | chemical element or compound that aids in the support of
life
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| Ration | the amount and kind of feed given to animal on a daily basis.
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| roughages | feeds that contain higher fiber such as hay, pasture
grasses and silage.
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| concentrates | feeds that contain less fiber such as grains, plant and
animal proteins and processed by-products.
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| some livestock producers | commercially prepared feeds
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| large scale producers | mix their own ration of feed
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| maintenance | basic nutrient requirements to keep vital body
processes functioning.
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| A ration should fit | amounts and kinds of nutrients an animal needs
based on the status or function of the animal.
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| Working animals | police dogs, ranch
horses, etc. would fall into this classification.
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| fattening | storage of nutrients not used for other functions
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| Reproduction | gestations, parturition and lactation
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| production | milk, eggs, wool, etc
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| growth | increasing the size of bones, muscles, organs and
connective tissue.
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| carbohydrates | main energy nutrients made up of sugars, starches,
cellulose and gums, found in the largest quantities in livestock feed,
chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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| fats and oils | 2.25 times the energy value of carbohydrates, at body
temperature, fats are solid and oils are liquid. They carry the fatsoluble
vitamins
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| fats | Fat is
composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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| proteins | organic compounds made up of amino acids and contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur, phosphorus
and iron.
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| vitamins | trace organic compounds, all contain carbon.
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| minerals | inorganic materials or compounds needed in small amounts.
Contain no carbon.
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| water | makes up 40%-80% of an animal’s body.
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| function of protein | supply material to build body tissues such as muscles, skin
and hair.
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| function of vitamins | - help regulate many body functions and are designated by
letters such as A, B-complex, D, E, K
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| function of proteins | supply material to build body tissues such as muscles, skin
and hair.
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| function of fats and oils | furnish 2-25 times the energy value of carbohydrates
and carry fat- soluble vitamins. Often provided by the grains and
protein concentrates fed to the animal
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| function carbohydrates | provide energy.
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| Common carbohydrate sources include | cereal grains such as corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley and
sorghum.
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| plant sources of protein | included soybean meal, cottonseed meal and
alfalfa meal.
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| animal sources of protein | meat meal, fish meal, dried milk and synthetic nitrogen source of urea.
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| feed suplements | livestock producers may add molasses to food for taste and to reduce feed dust.
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| function of water | helps dissolve other nutrients and carry them to different parts
of the body and is a vital factor in nutrition
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| function of minerals | provide material for growth of bones, teeth and body tissue
and regulate many of the vital chemical body processes
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| function of legumes | put nitrogen in the soil
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| function of grass | takes nitrogen from soil
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| examples of grasses | wheat, corn, fescue
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| examples of legumes | soybeans, alfalfa, clover
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| roughage is | more than 18% fiber
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| concentrate | less than 18% fiber
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