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animal science
nutrition notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nutrition | chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life |
| Ration | the amount and kind of feed given to animal on a daily basis. |
| roughages | feeds that contain higher fiber such as hay, pasture grasses and silage. |
| concentrates | feeds that contain less fiber such as grains, plant and animal proteins and processed by-products. |
| some livestock producers | commercially prepared feeds |
| large scale producers | mix their own ration of feed |
| maintenance | basic nutrient requirements to keep vital body processes functioning. |
| A ration should fit | amounts and kinds of nutrients an animal needs based on the status or function of the animal. |
| Working animals | police dogs, ranch horses, etc. would fall into this classification. |
| fattening | storage of nutrients not used for other functions |
| Reproduction | gestations, parturition and lactation |
| production | milk, eggs, wool, etc |
| growth | increasing the size of bones, muscles, organs and connective tissue. |
| carbohydrates | main energy nutrients made up of sugars, starches, cellulose and gums, found in the largest quantities in livestock feed, chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| fats and oils | 2.25 times the energy value of carbohydrates, at body temperature, fats are solid and oils are liquid. They carry the fatsoluble vitamins |
| fats | Fat is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| proteins | organic compounds made up of amino acids and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur, phosphorus and iron. |
| vitamins | trace organic compounds, all contain carbon. |
| minerals | inorganic materials or compounds needed in small amounts. Contain no carbon. |
| water | makes up 40%-80% of an animal’s body. |
| function of protein | supply material to build body tissues such as muscles, skin and hair. |
| function of vitamins | - help regulate many body functions and are designated by letters such as A, B-complex, D, E, K |
| function of proteins | supply material to build body tissues such as muscles, skin and hair. |
| function of fats and oils | furnish 2-25 times the energy value of carbohydrates and carry fat- soluble vitamins. Often provided by the grains and protein concentrates fed to the animal |
| function carbohydrates | provide energy. |
| Common carbohydrate sources include | cereal grains such as corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley and sorghum. |
| plant sources of protein | included soybean meal, cottonseed meal and alfalfa meal. |
| animal sources of protein | meat meal, fish meal, dried milk and synthetic nitrogen source of urea. |
| feed suplements | livestock producers may add molasses to food for taste and to reduce feed dust. |
| function of water | helps dissolve other nutrients and carry them to different parts of the body and is a vital factor in nutrition |
| function of minerals | provide material for growth of bones, teeth and body tissue and regulate many of the vital chemical body processes |
| function of legumes | put nitrogen in the soil |
| function of grass | takes nitrogen from soil |
| examples of grasses | wheat, corn, fescue |
| examples of legumes | soybeans, alfalfa, clover |
| roughage is | more than 18% fiber |
| concentrate | less than 18% fiber |
Created by:
savannah0