SLS Bio12 Cell Transport HH
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| active transport | movement of molecules from low to high concentrations requiring ATP
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| carrier protein | move molecules such as ions and other proteins across a biological membrane; can bond and drag through the membrane and release on the other side
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| cell membrane | surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell; regulates the transport of molecules in and out the cell; very flexible
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| channel protein | embedded in the cell membrane and a have a pore for materials to cross
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| concentration gradient | molecules moving from a high concentration area to a low concentration area
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| diffusion | the intermingling of a substance by the natural movement of their particles
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| endocytosis | moving materials into the cell through pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis creating a vacuole
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| exocytosis | moving materials out of the cell by fusing the vesicles to the plasma memebrane
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| facilitated transport | using transport proteins to move high to low concentration
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| fluid mosaic membrane model | model that represents the cell; fluid is the phospholipid bilayer and the mosaic is the proteins
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| glycolipid | lipid with a carbohydrate attached; communicative role, often acting as markers for cellular recognition
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| glycoprotein | protein with a carbohydrate attached; crucial part in cell-cell recognition, and have important roles in protection and the immune response, reproduction, structural integrity and cell adhesion
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| hydrophilic | water loving
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| hydrophobic | water fearing
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| hypertonic | water moves out of the cell; crenation
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| hypotonic | water moves into the cell; lysis
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| isotonic | no net movement; dynamic equilibrium
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| osmosis | diffusion of water
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| passive transport processes | no energy is required to make the molecule move
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| phagocytosis | engulfs large particles such as food, bacteria into vesicles; "cell eating"
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| phospholipid | make up the cell membrane; two fatty acids that are non polar and the head is polar containing a phosphate group and glycerol
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| phospholipid bilayer | the composition of the cell membrane; semipermeable membrane
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| pinocytosis | takes in dissolved molecules as a vesicle; "cell drinking"
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| pressure gradient | moving from higher pressure to lower pressure
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| selectively permeable | chooses what can move through and what can't
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| tonicity | tonicity is the relative concentration of solutions that determine the direction and extent of diffusion
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